Gram-Negative Bacteria Flashcards by Daniel Dellosa

Neisseria fermentation

MeninGitidis - Maltose, Glucose; GOnorrhea, Glucose Only

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Maltose fermenter, encapsulated, kidney-bean shaped, URT habitat, IgA protease, MCC meningitis age 2-18, meningococcemia, purpura fulminans, Waterhouse-Friedrichsen, Ceftriaxone/Pen G, vaccine ACYW135 diphtheria toxoid, rifampin chemoprophylaxis

Neisseria meningitidis

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MCC meningitis age 2-18

Neisseria meningitidis

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Meningococcemia purpuric rash

Purpura fulminans

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Bacteria causing Waterhouse-Friedrichsen (adrenal insufficiency)

N meningitidis, Strep pneumoniae

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Vaccines against these bacteria are coupled to diphtheria toxoid

N meningitidis, Strep pneumoniae, H influenzae

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Meningococcemia chemoprophylaxis for close contacts

Rifampicin

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Maltose non-fermenter, GU habitat, pili, IgA protease, co-infection with C. trachomatis, ophthalmia neonatorum, MCC urethritis/PID, MCC septic arthritis in sexually active adults, Ceftriaxone + Doxycycline

Neisseria gonorrhea

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Violin string adhesions in perihepatitis from gonorrhea

Fitz-Hugh-Curtis Syndrome

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Gonorrhea STD complicated 50-60% of the time with __

C trachomatis

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Tx for opthalmia neonatrum

Erythromycin

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MCC urethritis/PID

N gonorrhea

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MCC septic arthritis in sexually active adults

N gonorrhea

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MCC septic arthritis

Staph aureus

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HACEK organisms causing endocarditis

Haemophilus aphrophilus, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Cardiobacterium hominis, Eikenella corrodens, Kingella kingae

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Neisseriaceae causing culture-negative subacute bacterial endocarditis in Pts with previous heart disease

Eikenella corrodens, Kingella kingae

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Enriched chocolate agar, polyribitol phosphate capsule

Haemophilus influenzae type b

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Bordet-Gengou agar, whooping cough

Bordetella pertussis

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Silver stain, charcoal yeast agar, airconditioning

Legionella pneumophila

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Enriched chocolate agar V & X, satellite phenomenon around S aureus, URT habitat, polyribitol phosphate (type b) capsule, IgA protease, non-typeable meningitis, epiglottitis, COPD exacerbations, Ceftriaxone, vaccine with diphtheria toxoid

Haemophilus influenzae

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Hib, whooping cough, thumb sign, Ceftriaxone

Epiglottitis

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Parainfluenza, steeple sign, racemic epinephrine

Laryngotracheobronchitis

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Diseases caused by H influenzae

haEMOPhilus: Epiglottitis, Meningitis, Otitis media, Pneumonia

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MCC COPD exacerbations (bacterial, overall)

Strep pneumoniae, H influenza, Moraxella catarrhalis

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MCC COPD exacerbations (viral)

Influenza virus

Bordet-Gengou agar, Regan-Lower charcoal medium, URT habitat, tracheal cytotoxin causes whooping, Erythromycin

Bordetella pertussis

Lymphocytosis despite bacterial infection

Bordetella pertussis

Regan-Lowe charcoal medium

Bordetella pertussis

Staccato cough

Chlamydia

B. pertussis inhibits phagocytic activity because of __

False adenylate cyclase

B. pertussis damages ciliated cells and causes whooping because of __

Tracheal cytotoxin

Pertussis phase with highest yield of culture

Catarrhal (2nd phase of 4)

Pertussis phase with whooping

Paroxysmal (3rd phase of 4)

Atypical pneumonia caused by

Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila

Silver stain, facultative intracellular, charcoal yeast agar with iron and cysteine, rapid urinary antigen test, environmental water habitat, airconditioning, endotoxin is sole virulence factor, atypical pneumonia, pontiac fever, Azithromycin

Legionella pneumophila

Facultative intracellular bacteria

Some Bugs May Live FacultativeLY: Salmonella, Brucella, Mycobacterium, Listeria, Francisella, Legionella, Yersinia

Pontiac fever

Legionella pneumophila

Lactose fermenting bacteria

lactose fermenters in macConKEE agar: Citrobacter, Klebsiella, E. coli, Enterobacter

Lactose fermenter, green sheen on EMB, colon habitat, pili, H K O antigens, HST and HLT cause watery diarrhea, verotoxin causes bloody diarrhea, MCC community & nosocomial UTI, neonatal meningitis, Ampicillin for UTI, 3rd gen cephalosporins for meningitis & sepsis

Escherichia coli

Enterobacteriaceae

MESSY SPECK: Morganella, E. coli, Shigella, Salmonella, Yersinia, Serratia, Proteus, Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Klebsiella

MCC community-acquired & nosocomial UTI

E. coli

Neonatal meningitis bacteria

BEL: B group strep, E. coli, Listeria

E. coli watery, traveler's diarrhea

ETEC

E. coli PPP pathogenic, pediatric, Philippines: watery diarrhea, infants, developing countries

EPEC

E. coli bloody diarrhea, HUS, undercooked beef

EHEC

HUS components

thrombocytopenia, anemia, uremia, renal failure

E. coli persistent watery diarrhea in children and AIDS

EAEC

K antigen

Capsule

O antigen

LPS

H antigen

Flagella

M protein

Strep pyogenes

Lactose non-fermenter, H2S producer, xlyose lysine deoxycholate medium, fecal-oral transmission, enterocolitis, Vi capsular antigen, septicemia, Ceftriaxone, Ciprofloxacin, vaccination

Salmonella spp.

Salmonella whose habitat is human colon only

S typhi

Salmonella causing entercolitis, high infectious dose

S enteritidis/typhimurium

Salmonella causing Typhoid Fever through Vi capsular antigen

S typhi

S typhi are able to multiply in Peyer's patches, spread to reticuloendothelial system, and establish chronic carrier state because of what antigen

Vi capsular antigen

Salmonella causing septicemia, with sequelae of osteomyelitis, pneumonia, and meningitis

S cholerasuis

S typhi culture source in any week of disease

Bone marrow

S typhi culture source in 1st week of disease

Blood

S typhi culture source in 2nd week of disease

Urine

S typhi culture source in 3rd week of disease

Stool

S typhi culture source in chronic carrier state

Bile, stool, bone marrow

Week of complications in Typhoid Fever

3rd week

Salmon colored rash in Typhoid Fever, culture-positive fro Salmonella

Rose spots (2nd week of disease)

Increase in heart rate per degree celsius increase in body temp

10 bpm / 1 degree celsius

Hematologic side effect of Chloramphenicol

Aplastic crisis (not dose-dependent, idiosyncratic)

Chloramphenicol is bactericidal against the following meningitis-causing bacteria

No Bacteria Survive Here: Neisseria meningitidis, Bacteroides fragilis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae

Gray baby syndrome

Chloramphenicol

Lactose non-fermenter, H2S non-producer, O antigen (LPS), xylose-lysine-deoxycholate medium, colon habitat, fecal-oral transmission, invades distal ileum and colon, low infectious dose, enterotoxin similar to E. coli verotoxin 0157:H7, bacillary dysentery watery then bloody diarrhea, Ciprofloxacin

Shigella spp.

4Fs of Shigella transmission

Food, Fingers, Feces, Flies (fecal-oral transmission)

MCC bacillary dysentery (Shigella spp)

Shigella Sonnei-Duval bacillus

MCC severe bacillary dysentery (Shigella spp)

Shigella dysenteriae type 1 (Shiga bacillus)

Shiga toxin, Shigella enterotoxin similar to __

Verotoxin of E. coli O157:H7

Comma-shaped, TCBS agar, shooting star motility, enterotoxin via ADP ribosylation activating Gs, high, infectious dose, pandemics from El Tor biotype, rice-water stool

Vibrio spp

Vibrio living in human colon only

Vibrio cholerae

Vibrio living in saltwater

Vibrio parahaemolyticus / vulnificus

Vibrio from seafood

Vibrio parahaemolyticus / vulnificus

ADP-ribosylation of choleragen

Gs - turn ON the on

ADP-ribosylationn of pertussis

Gi - turn OFF the OFF

Cholera pandemics caused by __

Vibrio cholerae O1 biotype El Tor

Treatment of cholera

Rehydration, Tetracyclin or Azithromycin

Treatment of parahaemolyticus / vulnificus infection

Minocycline plus quinolone or Cefotaxime

Only method for effective control of cholera

Sanitation improvements

Comma-shaped, microaerophilic, Skirrows agar, fecal-oral transmission, MCC bacterial gastroenteritis, does not penetrate colon mucosa so sepsis is rare, watery foul-smelling diarrhea then bloody, undercooked chicken, association with Guillain-Barre and Reiter, Erythromycin for severe cases

Campylobacter jejuni

MCC bacterial gastroenteritis

Campylobacter jejuni

Bacteria usually in undercooked chicken

Campylobacter jejuni

Bacteria usually in undercooked beef

EHEC

Bacteria usually in raw shellfish, seafood

Vibrio vulnificus

Campylobacter jejuni is associated with these diseases because of antigenic cross-reactivity between capsule and neurons

Guillain-Barre, Reiter's

Triad of Reiter's (reactive arthritis)

Can't Pee, Can't See, Can't Climb a Tree - urethritis, uveitis, arthritis

Curved, urease-positive, stomach habitat, damages goblet cells, produces ammonia from urea to neutralize stomach acid, gold standard EGD with biopsy, PUD, gastric carcinoma, MALT lymphomas, triple/quadruple therapy

Helicobacter pylori

Urease-Positive Bacteria

H pylori Keeps Producing Urease: H pylori, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Ureaplasma urealyticum

Diagnosis of H pylori

EGD with biopsy, urease breath test, stool antigen (document cure)

Gastric ulcers reaction to food

Aggravated by food

Duodenal ulcers reaction to food

Relieved by food, night distress

MC bleeding artery in gastric ulcers

Left gastric artery

MC bleeding artery in duodenal ulcer

Gastroduodenal artery

Quadruple therapy for H pylori

OBMT: Omeprazole, Bismuth, Metronidazole, Tetracycline

Encapsulated, ESBL, urease-positive, URT and GIT habitat, ascending spread of fecal flora, necrotizing pneumonia with currant jelly sputum, MCC pneumonia in alcoholics, culture-guided treatment

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Drug-resistant strains of Klebsiella have __

ESBL

Currant jelly sputum

Klebsiella pneumoniae

MCC pneumonia in alcoholics

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Lactose non-fermenter, urease-positive, swarming motility, grow in circles/waves, urease for alkaline urine ecourages struvite/MAP stones, staghorn calculi, TMP-SMX or Ampicillin

Proteus mirabilis

Struvite stones composition

MAP: magnesium, ammonium, phosphate

Bacteria causing staghorn calculi

Proteus mirabilis

Obligate aerobe, lactose non-fermenter, pyocyanin damages cilia and mucosal cells, grape-like odor, Cetrimide agar, endotoxin A transfer facilitated by type III secretion system, verdoglobin for hemoglobin breakdown, burn wound infections, hot tub folliculitis, skin graft-loss, green nail syndrome, puncture wound osteomyelitis, MCC otitis externa, VAP, CAP-HR, typhlitis, Shanghai fever, nosocomial UTI, ecthyma gangrenosum, multiple antibiotics

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Pseudomonas exotoxin A transfer facilitated by __

type III secretion system

Pseudomonas toxin that damages cilia and mucosa

Pyocyanin (blue-green pigment)

Grape-like odor

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Pseudomonas toxin from hemoglobin breakdown

Verdoglobin

MCC otitis externa / malignant OE / CSOM

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Shanghai fever (mild typhoid)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

3rd MCC nosocomial UTI

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Predominant anaerobe of human colon, synergistic pathogenicity, foul-smelling discharge, abdominal abscess, Tx with Metronidazole

Bacteroides fragilis

Gram-Negative Bacteria Flashcards

(114 cards)