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Gram-Positive Bacteria Flashcards

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1
Q

Anterior nares, protein A, PV leukocidin, heat-stable enterotoxin, TSST-1, alpha toxin, bullous impetigo, hidradenitis suppurativa, acute endocarditis, necrotizing pneumonia, post-viral pneumonia, osteomyelitis, Brodie abscess, gastroenteritis/food poisoning, scalded skin syndrome, nafcillin, vancomycin, linezolid

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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2
Q

Novobiocin sensitive, glycocalyx, biofilms, prosthetic valve endocarditis, indwelling catheters, VPS infections, outright vancomycin

A

Staphylococcus epidermidis

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2
Q

Novobiocin resistant, 2nd MCC UTI sexually active women, TMP-SMX, quinolones

A

Staphylococcus saprophyticus

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3
Q

Novobiocin in Staphylococcus

A

NO StRESs: novobiocin Saprophyticus - Resistant, Epidermidis - Sensitive

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4
Q

MCC UTI sexually active women

A

E. coli

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5
Q

Bacitracin-sensitive, Lancefield group A, (+) PYR, throat, DNAse/streptodornase, C5A peptidase, erythrogenic toxin, Streptolysin O & S, exotoxin A & B, impetigo contagiosa, erysipelas, cellulitis, nec fasciitis, MCC bacterial pharyngitis, scarlet fever, TSS with recognizable infection, RF, GN, penicillin V/G

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

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6
Q

Bile-optochin in Streptococcus

A

OVR PaS: Optochin: Viridans - Resistant, Pneumoniae - Sensitive

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7
Q

Bacitracin in Streptococcus

A

Bus in the AndeR PaS: Bacitracin: Agalactiae - Resistant, Pyogenes - Sensitive

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8
Q

Lancefield groups of Streptococcus

A

A Pyogenes, B Agalactiae, D group D

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9
Q

Hemolytic patterns of Streptococci

A

Alpha - pneumoniae, viridans, Beta - pyogenes, agalactiae, Gamma - group D

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10
Q

Strep with (+) PYR test

A

Pyogenes, group D

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11
Q

Bacitracin sensitivity in Strep groups

A

BRAS: group B - resistant, group A - sensitive

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12
Q

Toxin producing scarlet fever

A

Erythrogenic toxin (Streptococcus pyogenes)

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13
Q

Streptolysin O is irreversibly inhibited by __

A

Cholesterol (in skin lipids)

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14
Q

Bullous impetigo causes separation of what epidermal layer

A

Stratum granulosum

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15
Q

TEN causes separation of what skin layer

A

Dermal-epidermal junction

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16
Q

Impetigo contagiosa (Streptococcus pyogenes) causes accumulation of neutrophils in what epidermal layer

A

Stratum corneum

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17
Q

Superficial skin infection extending into dermal lymphatics

A

Erysipelas (Streptococcus pyogenes)

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18
Q

Deeper skin infection involving subcutaneous tissues

A

Cellulitis (Streptococcus pyogenes, spreading factor)

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19
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes causes necrotizing fasciitis through what toxin

A

Exotoxin B

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20
Q

Fever, strawberry tongue, centrifugal sandpaper-like rash, Pastia’s lines, desquamation

A

Scarlet fever (Streptococcus pyogenes)

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21
Q

Milder than TSS (Staphylococcus aureus) with recognizable site of infection

A

Streptococcal TSS (pyogenic exotoxin A)

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22
Q

Caused by cross-reaction to M proteins in a Type 2 hypersensitivity reaction

A

Acute Rheumatic Fever

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23
Q

Hypersensitivity reactions

A

ACID: 1 - allergic/IgE, 2 - cytotoxic, 3 - immune complex, 4 - delayed

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24
Post-pharyngitic GN from Streptococcus pyogenes is caused by immune complex deposition becaused of what toxin
M protein
25
Bacitracin-resistant, Lancefield group B, Lim broth, MCC neonatal sepsis worldwide, MCC neonatal pneumonia/sepsis/meningitis, UTI in pregnant women, penicillin G
Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B streptococcus)
26
Lim broth is for rapid identification of what Strep
Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS)
27
MCC neonatal sepsis worldwide
Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS)
28
Endometritis is most commonly caused by
Polymicrobial (including GBS)
29
All pregnant women should be screened for GBS at __weeks AOG
35-37 weeks AOG (prophylaxis with Penicillin IV or Ampicillin)
30
Enterococcus faecalis aka
Group D streptococcus
31
Gamma nonhemolytic, Lancefield group D, bile-esculin agar BEA, (+) PYR, colon habitat, UTI from indwelling catheters and GU instrumentation, penicillin + gentamicin
Group D streptococcus
32
Marantic endocarditis in patients with abdominal malignancy (pancreatic CA) is caused by what Streptococcus
Streptococcus bovis
33
Optochin-sensitive, lancet-shaped, diplococci, polysaccharide capsule, positive Quellung, IgA protease, c-substance, MCC CAP with rust-colored sputum and lobar pattern, MCC otitis media/sinustis in children, MCC bac men in adults, Amoxicillin/Pen G, polysaccharide vaccine, conjugated vaccine with diphtheria toxoid
Streptococcus pneumoniae
34
Positive Quellung
swelling
35
MCC otitis media / sinusitis in children
Streptococcus pneumoniae
36
MCC bacterial meningitis in adults
Streptococcus pneumoniae
37
MCC CAP
Streptococcus pneumoniae
38
Amoxicillin versus Ampicillin
Amoxicillin has better oral absorption
39
Optochin-resistant, oropharynx habitat, dental procedures, glycocalyx, Penicillin G
Viridans streptococci
40
Streptococcus in dental caries
Strep. mutans
41
Streptococcus in subacute bacterial endocarditis
Strep. sanguis
42
Streptococcus in brain abscesses
Strep. intermedius
44
MCC subacute and native valve endocarditis
Strep. sanguis
44
Dick test
Scarlet fever (Streptococcus pyogenes)
46
Box-car shaped
Bacillus anthracis
47
Reheated fried rice
Bacillus cereus
48
Chinese Fried Rice Syndrome
Bacillus cereus
49
Chinese Restaurant Syndrome
MSG toxicity
50
Tennis-racket like
Clostridium tetani
51
Bulging cans
Clostridium botulinum
52
Gas-forming, gas-gangrene
Clostridium perfringens
53
Pseudomembranes
Clostridium difficile
54
Chinese letters
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
55
Tumbling motility
Listeria monocytogenes
56
Falling leaf motility
Giardia lamblia
57
Swarming motility
Proteus mirabilis
58
Shooting star motility
Vibrio cholerae
59
Box-car shaped, Medusa head morphology, soil habitat, woolsorter's disease, poly-D-glutamate capsule, edema factor, lethal factor, protective antigen, malignant pustule then eschar, Ciprofloxacin, Doxycycline
Bacillus anthracis
60
Woolsorter's disease
Inhalational anthrax
61
MCC death with inhalational anthrax
Hemorrhagic mediastinitis (pulmonary hemorrhage)
62
Mediates entry of edema factor and lethal factor
Protective antigen (B. anthracis)
63
Motile, reheated fried rice, heat-labile and heat-stable enterotoxin, emetic and diarrheal form, penetrating eye injury from soil-contaminated object, Vancomycin for ophthalmitis
Bacillus cereus
64
B. cereus enterotoxin producing emetic form, rice, short incubation period, staphylococcal-like
Heat-stable enterotoxin (B. cereus)
65
B. cereus enterotoxin producing diarrheal form, meat and vegetables, long incubation period, cholera-like
Heat-labile enterotoxin (B. cereus)
66
B. cereus enterotoxins
DILA: DIarrheal - heat Labile, emetic - heat stable
67
Terminal spore, tennis racket shaped, soil habitat, tetanospasmin releasing glycine from Renshaw cells, spastic paralysis, debridement, Metronidazole, avoid penicillin, vaccination q10 years
Clostridium tetani
68
Soil habitat, improperly preserved food, bulging cans, raw honey, heat-labile neurotoxin blocking Ach release, toxins A/B/E in humans, flaccid paralysis, 4D diplopia dysphonia dysarthria dysphagia, bilateral descending paralysis, floppy baby syndrome, ventilatory support, gastric lavage, metronidazole, trivalent antitoxin
Clostridium botulinum
69
4Ds of food-borne botulism
diplopia, dysphonia, dysarthria, dysphagia
70
Ascending paralysis
Guillain-Barre syndrome
71
Triad of Botulism
symmetric descending flaccid paralysis with prominent bulbar involvement, absence of fever, intact sensorium
72
Double hemolysis on blood agar, egg yolk agar, lecithinase, soil and colon habitat, myonecrosis, alpha toxin (lecithinase), enterotoxin, wound debridement, Penicillin, supportive mgmt for food poisoning
Clostridium perfringens
73
Necrotizing fasciitis
Streptococcus pyogenes
74
Clostridium perfringens toxin that causes gas gangrene
Alpha toxin - a lecithinase
75
Most common immunologic toxins of Clostridium botulinum in humans
A, B, E
76
Exotoxin in stool detected by cytopathic effect in tissue culture, colon habitat, fecal-oral transmission, fomites from spore formation, overgrowth from antibacterial use, toxin A enterotoxin, toxin B cytotoxin, pseudomembranous colitis, oral metronidazole, oral vancomycin
Clostridium difficile
77
Gold standard for detecting Clostridium difficile
tissue culture, toxin detection assay, exotoxin in stool showing cytopathic effect
78
Antibiotics causing pseudomembranous colitis
Clindamycin, 2/3 gen cephalosporin, ampicillin
79
Clostridium difficile toxin causing diarrhea
Toxin A - enterotoxin
80
Clostridium difficile toxin causing pseudomembrane formation
Toxin B - cytotoxin
81
Pseudomembranous pharyngitis
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
82
Pseudomembranous esophagitis
Candida (AIDS defining)
83
Non-motile, club or comma-shaped, Chinese characters, metachromatic granules, tellurite plate, Elek test, throat habitat, exotoxin encoded by B-prophage, pseudomembranous pharyngitis, bull neck CLAD, antitoxin, Penicillin G, toxoid vaccine combo DTaP
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
84
Metachromatic / Babes-Ernst / volutin granules
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
85
Elek test
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
86
Diphtheria toxin inhibits protein synthesis via
Exotoxin adds ADP-ribose to EF-2
87
ABCDEFG Diphtheria
ADP-ribosylation, Beta-prophage, Corynebacterium Diphtheriae, EF-2, Granules metachromatic
88
ABCDE Beta prophage-encoded toxins
shigA-like toxin (EHEC), Botulinum, Cholera, Diphtheria, Erythrogenic toxin (Strep. pyogenes)
89
Complications of Diphtheria
Airway obstruction, myocarditis, paralysis
90
Cold enhancement, G+ with LPS, GI and female GU habitat, unpasteurized milk, internalin on E-cadherin, actin rockets, granulomatosis infantiseptica, meningitis, Ampicilllin +/- Gentamicin
Listeria monocytogenes
91
Cephalosporins are not effective against these bacteria
MRSA, Listeria, Enterococci
92
Ampicillin is used in Listeria meningitis because
Ampicillin cannot cross BBB but neonates have deficient BBB
93
Listeria toxin that interacts with E-cadherin
internalin
94
Tumbling motility, actin rockets
Listeria monocytogenes

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