Micro generalities Flashcards by Daniel Dellosa

Unique to gram negative organisms

Outer membrane with LPS, no teichoic acid

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Only g+ with LPS

Listeria monocytogenes

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Examples of spirochetes

BLT borrelia, lepto, treponema

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Only mycoplasma that is an obligate aerobe

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

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Bacteria with no cell wall

Mycoplasma (sterols)

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Products of catalase

Water, o2

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Products of peroxidase

Water only

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Obligate anaerobes

ABC actinomyces, bacteroides, clostridium

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Heat stable exotoxin

Staphylococcal enterotoxin

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Most virulent microorganism

Yersinia pestis

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Toxic component of LPS causing DIC

Lipid A

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All bacterial capsules are composed of polysaccharide except in

Bacillus anthracis (poly-D glutamate)

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Most common form of severe antibody deficiency affecting both children and adults

Common variable immunodeficiency

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Di George CATCH22

Cardiac defects TOF, abnormal facies, thymic aplasia, cleft palate, hypocalcemia, 22q11.2 chromosomal deletion

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Wiskott aldrich syndrome

Tie a wasp: thrombocytopenia, infections, eczema, WASP mutation

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Ataxia telangiectasia

ATI: ataxia, telangiectasia, IgA deficiency

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Test for chronic granulomatous disease

Nitroblue tetrazolium test

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Most common complement defect

C2 deficiency

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Components of quadrivalent vaccine against Neisseria

Alpha, charlie, yankee, w135

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Most common cause of secondary immunodeficiency in the Philippines

Malnutrition

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Drugs acting on 30s

Aminoglycosides, tetracyclines

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Drugs acting on 50s

Chloramphenicol, erythromycin, lincosamide, linezolid, streptogramin

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Agar for clostridium perfringens

Egg yolk

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Agar for corynebacterium diphtheriae

Tellurite

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Agar for group D streptococci

Bile esculin

Agar for staphylococci

Mannitol salts

Agar for neisseria from sterile sites

Chocolate

Agar for neisseria from nonsterile sites

Thayer martin

Thayer martin antibiotics

Vancomycin, cholestin, nystatin

Agar for haemophilus influenzae

Chocolate, factor v and x

Lowenstein jensen

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Thiosulfate citrate bile salts TcBS

Vibrio cholerae

Bordet gengou

Bordetella pertussis

Charcoal yeast extract

Legionella pneumophila

Skirrows

Campylobacter, helicobacter

Barbour stoenner kelly

Borrelia burgdorferi

Eaton

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Cetrimide

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Xylose lysine deoxycholate

Salmonella, shigella

Ellinghausen mccoullough johnson harris, fletcher

Leptospira interrogans

Reagent for catalase test

Serum

Catalase test contains

Hydrogen peroxide

Most common cause of acute endocarditis

Staph aureus (tricuspid valve, IV abusers)

Diseases with strawberry tongue

TSS, kawasaki, scarlet fever

Most common bacterial cause of sore throat

Streptococcus pyogenes

Fever, strawberry tongue, sandpaper centrifugal rash, pastia's lines, desquamation

Scarlet fever

Process of gram stain

VIAS violet, iodine, alcohol, safranin

Gram positive membranes

Cytoplasmic membrane, peptidoglycan layer with teichoic acid, capsule

Gram negative membranes

Cytoplasmic membrane, periplasmic space, peptidoglycan layer with murein, outer membrane with LPS, capsule

Components of LPS

O antigen, core polysaccharide, lipid A

Anchors outer membrane of Gram negs

Murein

Hot acid fast stain

Ziehl neelsen

Cold acid fast stain

Kinyoun

Components of acid fast stain

Carbol fuschin, methylene blue

Bacteria not seen via gram stain

These rascals may microscopically lack color: treponema, rickettsia, mycobacteria, mycoplasma, legionella, chlamydia

Flagellum is what kind of antigen

H antigen

Spore forming G+

Bacillus, clostridium

Non-spore forming G+

Corynebacterium, listeria

Branching fungi-like G+

Actinomyces, Nocardia

Only G neg cocci

Neisseria

Only G neg spiral-shaped

Spirochetes: borrelia, leptospira, treponema

Pleomorphic G negs

Rickettsia, chlamydia (both intracellular, not seen via gram stain)

Compound in spores that makes them heat resistant

Dipicolinic acid

Obligate aerobes

Nosy nagging pests must breathe lots (of oxygen): nocardia, neisseria, pseudomonas, mycobacteria, bordetella, brucella, bacillus cereus, legionella

Relapsing fever

Borrelia recurrentis

Most abundant colon flora

Bacteroides

Most abundant colon obligate anaerobe

Bacteroides

Most abundant colon facultative anaerobe

E. coli

Inanimate objects that can harbor pathogenic microorganisms and serve as agents of transmission

Fomites

Surface proteins that mediate binding to endothelium and extracellular proteins like fibronectin

Curli (salmonella, E.coli)

Bacterial enzyme that allows adherence to mucous membranes

IgA protease

Bacterial enzyme that destroys neutrophilic leukocytes and macrophages

Leukocidin

Leukocidin of Staph. aureus

Panton-valentine leukocidin

Bacteria with IgA protease

SHiNe My Gong: Strep pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, neisseria Meningitidis, neisseria Gonorrhea

Active subunit of exotoxin

A subunit (B for binding)

Exotoxin of clostridium perfringens causing myonecrosis

Lecithinase

Endotoxin causes DIC by activating _

Tissue factor

Serologic tests detect at least __ inc in titer between acute and convalescent samples

Fourfold

Immunodeficiency from tyrosine kinase mutation

Bruton's, x-linked agammaglobulinemia

Immunodeficiency from failure of isotype switching

Selective IgA deficiency

Immunodeficiency from defect in B cell maturation

Common variable immunodeficiency

Immunodeficiency from failure of thymus and parathyroid dev

Di George

Immunodeficiency from specific T cell def for candida

Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis

Immunodeficiency from xlinked IL2 defect or autosomal ADA def

SCID

Immunodeficiency from inability to mount IgM response

Wiskott Aldrich

Immunodeficiency from mutations in DNA repair enzymes and IgA def

Ataxia telangiectasia

Immunodeficiency from lack of NADPH activity

Chronic granulomatous disease

Immunodeficiency from failure of phagolysosomal fusion

Chediak Higashi

Immunodeficiency from mutation in integrins

Leukocyte adhesion deficiency

Immunodeficiency from inability to form membrane attack complexes

C5-C9 / terminal complement def

Gold pigment of staph aureus

Staphyloxanthin

Encapsulated bacteria

Even Some Super Killers Have Pretty Nice Capsules: E. coli, Strep. pneumo, Salmonella, Kleb. pneumo, H. influenzae, Pseudomonas, Neisseria meningitidis, Cryptococcus (yeast)