Gram Positive Anaerobic Bacteria

Question 1

what are some types of disease caused by anaerobes?

Answer 1

soft tissue abscessation
cellulitis
post-operative wound infections
peridontal abscesses
aspiration pneumonia
lung and liver abscesses
peridontitis
pleuritis
myometritis
osteomyelitis
mastitis
footrot

Question 2

what is characteristic of anaerobic infections?

Answer 2

foul odor
tissue crepitation
tissue necrosis

Question 3

what are the 6 major toxins of Clostridium perfringens?

Answer 3

alpha
beta
epsilon
iota
enterotoxin
necrotic B-like toxins (NetB)

Question 4

what is the most common Clostridium perfringens in mammals and birds?

Answer 4

type A

Question 5

Clostridium perfringens type A is a common cause of _________________ in a variety of animals

Answer 5

mild enteritis

Question 6

what is Clostridium perfringens type B a cause of?

Answer 6

lamb dysentery

Question 7

what does Clostridium perfringens type C cause in young animals?

Answer 7

bloody scours
enterotoxic hemorrhagic enteritis disease of young animals

Question 8

what does Clostridium perfringens type C cause in adult animals?

Answer 8

STRUCK

Question 9

Clostridium perfringens type D has __________________ from angiotoxin

Answer 9

endothelial cell damage

Question 10

what is the causative agent of pseudomembranous colitis?

Answer 10

Clostridium difficile “Clostridiodes”

Question 11

is Clostridium difficile a big pathogen in dogs?

Answer 11

does not cause clinical disease
can be shed

Question 12

what does Clostridium difficile cause in exotic animals?

Answer 12

rabbits and guinea pigs
major cause of death: after antibiotic usage

Question 13

what are the risk factors for Clostridium in horses?

Answer 13

hospitalization
antibiotic use

Question 14

what is the causative agent of “big head” disease in rams?

Answer 14

Clostridium novyi type A

Question 15

what is the causative agent of infectious necrotic hepatitis (“Black Disease”) and what is it associated with?

Answer 15

Clostridium novyi type B
liver flukes

Question 16

what is the mortality rate of Clostridium haemolyticum “Bacillary Hemoglobinuria”?

Answer 16

> 95%
“found dead”

Question 17

who does Clostridium chauvoei “black leg” impact?

Answer 17

cattle
sheep

Question 18

who does Clostridium septicum “malignant edema” impact?

Answer 18

pigs
horses
cattle

Question 19

what is death by with Clostridium septicum?

Answer 19

asphyxiation
systemic toxemia (shock)

Question 20

what are the main ways to diagnose clostridial disease?

Answer 20

bone marrow: section of rib
PCR for toxins

Question 21

where do obligate anaerobes replicate?

Answer 21

tissues with low oxidation-reduction potential: necrotic, devascularized tissue

Question 22

what is toxic to obligate anaerobes?

Answer 22

oxygen

Question 23

what are anaerobic infections often exacerbated by?

Answer 23

mixed infection with facultative anaerobes

Question 24

what are some disease syndromes caused by Clostridial organisms?

Answer 24

neurotoxic
histotoxic
enterotoxigenic
enteropathogenic

Question 25

who does Clostridium tetani impact?

Answer 25

horse sheep cattle

Question 26

who does Clostridium perfringens impact?

Answer 26

cattle sheep

Question 27

who does Clostridium septicum impact?

Answer 27

ruminants horses

Question 28

who does Clostridium chauvoei impact?

Answer 28

cattle sheep

Question 29

who does Clostridium novyi type A and B impact?

Answer 29

sheep

Question 30

who does Clostridium haemolyticum impact?

Answer 30

cattle

Question 31

who does Clostridium difficile impact?

Answer 31

piglets rabbits horses

Question 32

who does Clostridium piliforme impact?

Answer 32

mice horses gerbils

Question 33

what may be an early clinical sign of Clostridial enterotoxemia?

Answer 33

glucosuria

Question 34

what is the pathogenesis of Clostridial enterotoxemia?

Answer 34

change to richer diet change in peristalsis overgrowth of bacteria in large intestine absorption of toxin in small intestine rapid death

Question 35

what is yellow lamb disease caused by?

Answer 35

Clostridium perfringens type A hemolysis of red blood cells and rapid death

Question 36

how long are lambs expected to live with lamb dysentery due to Clostridium perfringens type B?

Answer 36

one week

Question 37

is Clostridium perfringens type C a commensal?

Answer 37

no

Question 38

what does Clostridium perfringens type C cause in piglets?

Answer 38

peracute disease: whole litters die

Question 39

what does Clostridium perfringens type D cause in the brain?

Answer 39

bilateral symmetric encephalomalacia: epsilon toxin

Question 40

who is Clostridium perfringens type D most common in?

Answer 40

fattening sheep goats calves

Question 41

what does Clostridium difficile cause in horses?

Answer 41

colitis X

Question 42

what is disease from Clostridium difficile induced by?

Answer 42

TcdB: toxin B TcdA: toxin A CDT 2-3 toxins

Question 43

what does Clostridium piliforme cause in neonatal foals?

Answer 43

fatal disease: hepatic necrosis heart, liver, GI tract triad

Question 44

what do multiplying vegetative cells of Clostridium haemolyticum produce?

Answer 44

phospholipase C intravascular hemolysis