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Phase 2 Block 1 > Gram Positive Bacilli > Flashcards

Gram Positive Bacilli Flashcards

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1
Q

Are bacillus spp. part of normal flora?

A

No, usually more associated with env

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2
Q

What clinical diseases are associated with B. Cereus?

A

GI distress, diarrhea

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3
Q

What clinical diseases are associated with B. Anthacis?

A

Depends on infection route:
Cutaneous (most common) low mortality
Ingestion
Inhalation - high mortality

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4
Q

What drug therapy are bacillus spp. intrinsically resistant to?

A

Penicillin

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5
Q

What is first line therapy against bacillus spp.?

A

Cipro

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6
Q

This bacteria is associated with food poisoning related to cheese, raw milk, poultry, and smoked salmon

A

Listeria monocytogenes

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7
Q

What clinical diseases are associated with L. Monocytogenes?

A

Gastroenteritis
Self-limiting. Fever, diarrhea
Neonatal listeriosis
Early onset - transplacental (pneumonia or sepsis)
Late onset - during birth —> meningitis

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8
Q

L. monocytogenes is susceptible to what antibiotic(s)?

A

Penicillin or Ampicillin

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9
Q

L. monocytogenes is intrinsically resistant to what antibiotic(s)?

A

All cephalosporins

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10
Q

Are corynebacterium spp. part of normal flora?

A

No

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11
Q

What clinical diseases are associated with corynebaterium spp?

A

C. Diphtheria
Resp: sore throat, “Bull neck”, neuro symptoms
Cutaneous: Ulcerative lesion
C. Urealyticum
Chronic UTIs in elders, esp IC

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12
Q

What drug(s) are corynebacterium intrinsically resistant to?

A

Penicillin
Macrolides
Septra

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13
Q

What drug(s) are used first line against corynebacterium?

A

Erythromycin and IgG antitoxin

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14
Q

Are Nocardia spp. part of normal flora?

A

No, found in soil and water

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15
Q

Nocardia spp. have generally low virulence but have tropism for what tissue?

A

Neuronal tissues

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16
Q

What are the pulmonary S&S associated with Nocardia spp. infection?

A

Acute flu like and non-specific
Relapsing bronchopneumonia

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17
Q

What are the cutaneous S&S associated with Nocardia spp. infection?

A

Primary - may cause ulcerations
Mycetoma - pustules, fever, chronic
Lymphocutaneous - sporotrichoid-like rash

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18
Q

What 2 signs point towards Nocardia spp. infection?

A

Abscesses in lungs AND brain

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19
Q

What is the gram strain and morphology of nocardia spp.?

A

Gram (+) with branching/beaded appearance

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20
Q

What drug(s) are Nocardia spp. resistant to?

A

Penicillin

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21
Q

What drug(s) are Nocardia spp. susceptible to?

A

Septra

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22
Q

Metronidazole is commonly used to treat anaerobic bacterial infections. Which bacteria are exceptions to this?

A

Cutibacterium spp
Actinomyces spp

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23
Q

This bacteria is opportunistic and needs to produce toxins to be considered pathogenic

A

Clostridioides difficile

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24
Q

C. Diff has intrinsic resistances to which drug(s)?

A

Aminoglycosides
Fluoroquinolones

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25
What is the first line therapy for C. Diff?
Supportive tx D/c Abx Metronidazole if systemic Oral Vanco if recurrent
26
What is the gold standard for C. Tetani diagnosis?
Toxin detection and PCR
27
What antibiotics is C. Tetani intrinsically resistant to?
Aminoglycosides
28
What is the first line therapy for C. Tetani?
Penicillin + human tetanus IgG Tx based on exposure hx and vax status
29
What is the clinical disease associated with C. Botulinum?
Sudden flaccid paralysis
30
How is C. Botulinum transmitted?
Food contamination “Black tar heroin” For infants: honey, milk powder Inhalation (bioterrorism)
31
What is the gold standard for C. Botulinum diagnosis?
Toxin detection and PCR
32
What is the 1st line therapy for C. Botulinum?
Ventilatory support Antitoxin IgG for infants
33
This bacteria is associated with food poisoning, gas gangrene, and enteritis necroticans
C. Perfringens
34
C. Perfrigens can make 5 types of toxins. Which is the most common and associated with gas gangrene?
Alpha
35
These Clostridia species are associated with gas gangrene
C. Septicum C. Sordellii (uterine) C. Perfingens (Fourniers; typically polymicrobial)
36
What kind of medium does C. Perfringens grow in?
Anaerobic only
37
What is the management for gas gangrene?
High dose abx (penicillin or clindamycin)
38
What abx is C. Perfringens intrinsically resistant to?
Aminoglycosides
39
This bacteria (genus) is associated with acne in teenagers and shoulder revisions
Cutibacterium spp.
40
What abx is Cutibacterium spp. resistant to?
Metronidazole Tetracycline Macrolide
41
What is the first line tx for Cutibacterium spp.?
Penicillin or Doxycycline
42
This bacteria is associated with poor dental hygiene or trauma (IUD)
Actinomyces spp.
43
What is the most commonly seen Actinomyces spp?
A. israelii
44
What drug(s) is actinomyces spp. resistant to?
Metronidazole
45
What is the 1st line therapy for Actinomyces?
High dose penicillin
46
What clinical diseases are associated with Bacteroides spp.?
Abdominal infections (bacteria’s abscesses, SSTIs)
47
Is Bacteroides spp. part of normal flora?
Yes; GI, oral, and vaginal tract
48
What drug(s) is bactericides spp. resistant to?
Penicillin and ampicillin
49
What drug(s) are 1st line for tx of bacteroides?
Metronidazole
50
What clinical diseases are associated with F. Nucelatum?
Oral/dental infections Bite infection
51
What clinical diseases are associated with F. Necrophorum?
Pharyngotonsillitis (peds) **Lemierre’s disease** - infectious thrombophlebitis of internal jugular
52
What drug(s) is Fuscobacterium resistant to?
None
53
What is the first line therapy for Fuscobacterium?
Metronidazole
54
There are 3 clinically important spp of Chlamydia
C. Trachomatis C. Psittaci C. Pneumoniae
55
This intracellular bacteria causes a flu-like condition transmitted from exposure to parrots
C. Psittaci
56
This spp. of Chlamydia is the most common STI in Canada
C. Trachomatis
57
C. Trachomatis is usually asymptomatic, but when it isn’t what are the possible clinical presentations of this illness?
Urethritis Conjunctivitis Reiter’s (rare) - reactive arthritis ie inflammatory arthritis secondary to infection elsewhere in the body
58
What is the first line therapy for Chlamydia spp?
Azithromycin or Doxycycline
59
What serogroup is most common for legionella pneumophilia?
Serogroup 1
60
This bacteria is associated with contaminated water systems in hospital outbreaks
Legionella pneumophilia
61
This is a pneumonia-like illness associated with the legionella pneumophilia bacteria
Legionnaire’s disease
62
This method of diagnosing leginella pneumophilia is highly specific but only detects serogroup 1
Antigen testing via urine
63
What drug(s) is L. Pneumophilia resistant to?
None
64
What is first line therapy against L. Pneumophilia?
Azithromycin
65
Spirochetes are involved in what major illnesses? What bacteria cause them?
**Syphilis** treponema pallidum **Lyme disease** borrelia burgdorferi **Leptospirosis** leptospiria interrogans
66
If syphilis is left untreated, how many stages does it progress through?
5 stages: Primary —> secondary —> early latent —> late latent —> tertiary
67
A target shaped rash is characteristic of Lyme disease. What bacteria causes Lyme disease?
Borrelia burgdoferi
68
What diagnostic method is used to identify spirochete bacteria like those involved in syphilis, lime disease, and leptospirosis
Serology - looking for antibodies against the bacteria
69
What drug(s) are used for treponema pallidum?
Penicillin
70
What drug(s) are 1st line for tx of borrelia burgdorferi?
Doxycycline
71
What drug(s) are 1st line for tx of leptospirosis?
Penicillin

Phase 2 Block 1 (19 decks)

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