Principles of Vaccination

Question 1

What are the characteristics of passive immunization?

Answer 1

Used post-exposure
Immediate effect
Short-term immunity

Question 2

There are 3 types of passive immunizing agents

Answer 2

Standard immune globulins
Specific immune globulins
Antitoxin (antisera)

Question 3

What are some examples of stand immune globulins?

Answer 3

Measles
Hep A

Question 4

What are some examples of specific immune globulins?

Answer 4

Hep B — HBIG
Rabies — RIG
Tetanus — TIG
Varicella-Zoster — VZIG

Question 5

What are some examples of antitoxin?

Answer 5

Botulism antitoxin
Diphtheria antitoxin

Question 6

What are the characteristics of active immunization?

Answer 6

Usually pre-exposure
Delayed effect
Longer-lasting immunity

Question 7

What type of immunity (active/passive) does vaccination confer?

Answer 7

Active
Administration of all or part of a pathogen to cause an immune response that mimics that of a natural infection

Question 8

What are some contraindications for live vaccines?

Answer 8

Immunosuppression
Pregnancy
Recent administration of live vaccine

Question 9

What vaccines are live attenuated?

Answer 9

MMR
LAIV
Rotavirus
BCG
Yellow fever
Typhoid (Ty21a
Oral polio vaccine

Question 10

Are all vaccines contraindicated in pregnancy?

Answer 10

No
Inactivated vaccines are safe to give during this time

Question 11

Is common illness a contraindication for immunization?

Answer 11

For common illness accompanied with fever, delay vaccine until recovered

Question 12

Is premature birth a contraindication for vaccination?

Answer 12

No

Question 13

What are the features of an effective vaccine?

Answer 13

Safe (few side effects)
Sustained protection
Biological stability
Ease of administration
Affordable

Question 14

There are 3 types of vaccination programs

Answer 14

Mass vaccination
Targeted
Travel vaccination

Question 15

How are the targets for a vaccination program decided?

Answer 15

Based on:
Availability
Harm/benefit
Cost-effectiveness

Question 16

What are the goals of mass vaccination?

Answer 16

Vaccinate all pop and obtain herd immunity
May be rolled out initially by targeted programs

Question 17

This type of vaccination program is most likely to vary from one jurisdiction to another

Answer 17

Targeted program

Question 18

This type of vaccination program is based on a case-by-case risk assessment

Answer 18

Travel vaccination program

Question 19

Where can vaccination guidelines be found for Canada?

Answer 19

NACI — National Advisory Committee on Immunization
Prov/territorial health authorities
CIG — Canadian Immunization Guide
Travel Canada — vaccine recommendations for travel

Question 20

Although vaccination schedules are similar across Canada, there are 3 factors in which there can be some variation

Answer 20

Timing
Introduction of new vaccines
Population specific vaccination programs

Question 21

At what ages is the DTaP-IPV-Hib vaccine given?

Answer 21

2/4/6/18 mo
4-6 y/o

Question 22

At what ages is the Pneumo C-13 vaccine given?

Answer 22

2/4/12 mo

Question 23

When is the MMR vaccine given?

Answer 23

12/18 mo

Question 24

At what ages is the Rot-5 vaccine given?

Answer 24

2/4/6 mo

Question 25

How early can the influenza vaccine be given to infants?

Answer 25

6mo and older

Question 26

What vaccines are administered at 2mo?

Answer 26

DTaP-IPV-Hib Pneu C-13 Rot-5

Question 27

What vaccines are administered at 4mo?

Answer 27

DTaP-IPV-Hib Pneu C-13 Rot-5

Question 28

What vaccines are administered at 6mo?

Answer 28

DTaP-IPV-Hib Rot-5

Question 29

What vaccines are administered at 12mo?

Answer 29

Pneu C-13 MMR Men-C-C

Question 30

What vaccines are administered at 18mo?

Answer 30

DTaP-IPV-Hib MMR

Question 31

What vaccines are administered between 4-6 y/o?

Answer 31

DTaP-IPV **or** Tdap-IPV

Question 32

What are the routine vaccinations as part of the school health program?

Answer 32

Gr. 4 — Men-ACYW-135 Gr. 6 — HB, HPV-9 Gr. 9 — Tdap

Question 33

Targeted vaccination aims to protect at-risk sub-groups. Who are often part of the targeted vaccine demographic?

Answer 33

Professional risk (first line worker) Risk group (age, comorbidity) Post-exposure vaccine At risk **or** exposure to disease Sometimes combined with IgG Response to outbreak/epidemic Catch-up vaccines (migrants w unknown vax status, delayed vax)

Question 34

What population should get the Tdap vaccine?

Answer 34

Everyone

Question 35

How often should the Tdap vaccine be given?

Answer 35

Every 10yrs booster During pregnancy

Question 36

These vaccines should be given to those over 60 y/o and those at risk

Answer 36

Herpes Zoster Pneumococcal