Grammar 1

Question 1

“be going to” vs. “will”:

🌟 Be Going To = Planned Future
- For things you decided before
- For predictions with clear signs

“I’m going to visit Paris next summer.” (already decided)
“Look at those clouds! It’s going to rain.” (you can see it coming) | Look at those dark clouds! It is going to rain.

> “I’m going to study law.” (planned career)
“I’ll get the door!” (deciding at that moment)

“Going to” | “Will” |

Answer 1

⚡ Will = Instant Decision
- For promises/offers
- For predictions without proof

“I’ll help you with your bags!” (deciding now)
“One day, robots will rule the world.” (just a guess) | I think it will be sunny tomorrow.

🎯 Key Difference:
| Plans 💭 | Quick decisions ⚡ |

I am going to visit my grandparents this weekend.

I will help you with your homework.

Visible future signs 👀 | No proof 🔮 |

Question 2

Have to vs Must:

🌟 Have to = Outside Rules
- Others make you do it
- More common in daily life
- Example:
“I have to wear a seatbelt.” (Because it’s the law)

I have to wear a uniform at work

We will have to leave soon

Answer 2

🔥 Must = Inside Rules
- You feel it’s important
- Stronger/more serious
- Example:
“I must drink water today.” (Because I feel thirsty)

You must stop smoking for your health

You must be careful when driving

✋ Negatives:
- “You must not smoke” = ❌ Never do this!
- “You don’t have to go” = ✅ It’s okay if you don’t

Question 3

So far & Until now

1. So far
Meaning: Up to now / from the beginning until the present moment.
Use: To talk about something that has happened up to now (often with present perfect tense).

• “I’ve read 100 pages so far.” (I’m still reading the book.)
• “The weather has been good so far this week.” (It might change later.)
• “So far, no one has solved the puzzle.” (But someone might in the future.)

Key Idea: Focuses on progress or results up to now, implying continuation is possible.

• Are you enjoying the US? -It’s been a great country so far.
• I have visited fifteen countries so far.

Answer 3

2. Until
Meaning: Up to a specific time or event (and then stops).
Use: To mark the end of a period of time or action.

• “Wait here until I come back.” (Stop waiting when I return.)
• “She worked until midnight.” (She stopped at midnight.)
• “We didn’t know the truth until yesterday.” (We learned it yesterday.)

Key Idea: Emphasizes when something ends (a deadline, limit, or change).

Compare:
- “I’ve finished 3 chapters so far.” (Still reading → unfinished.)
- “I read until 10 PM.” (Stopped reading at 10 PM → finished.)

Question 4

Past Perfect

• Công thức: S + had + V3
• Dấu hiệu nhận biết: Before, After, By the time, When, Already, Just, Never.

She had finished her homework before dinner

They hadn’t seen the movie before

When I arrived, the train had already left

Answer 4

Dùng để diễn tả một hành động xảy ra và hoàn thành trước một hành động khác trong quá khứ.

Question 5

So, Very và Too

1. So
- Meaning: Emphasizes degree (often with emotion or exaggeration).
- Use: Before adjectives/adverbs, often followed by “that” to show result.
- “The soup is so hot!” (no specific limit)
- “It was so cold that my hands turned red.”

2. Very
- Meaning: Strengthens a quality (neutral, factual).
- Use: Before adjectives/adverbs (no inherent limit).
- “She is very tall.”
- “The test was very difficult.”

Answer 5

3. Too
- Meaning: Excessively (beyond what’s acceptable/possible).
- Use: Before adjectives/adverbs, implies a problem.
- “This coffee is too hot to drink.” (uncomfortably hot)
- “The bag was too heavy to carry.”

Key Difference:
- Very = Strong but acceptable (“very big” = just big).
- Too = Unacceptable (“too big” = can’t fit/use).
- So = Emphasizes (often emotional: “so beautiful!”).

Question 6

THEN

1. “You’re tired? Then go to sleep!”
   (Because you’re tired, the next thing is sleep.)
2. “If it rains, then we’ll stay home.”
   (Rain → result: staying home.)
3. “I don’t have money. Then I can’t buy it.”
   (No money → result: no purchase.)

Word | Meaning | Example |

Answer 6

“Then” = “So” or “In That Case”

• To show what happens next because of something else.
• To make a quick decision or conclusion.

Not the Same As:
- “Than”: For comparing (e.g., “She’s taller than me”).
- “After”: For time only (e.g., “We ate after the movie”).

Tip: Use “then” when you mean “because of that…“ or “so…“.

Try it:
“You’re hungry? Then eat something!” 😊

Question 7

In, On, At

IN:
- century, decade, year, month, week
- the spring, summer, fall, winter, christmas, new year
- the morning, afternoon, evening; exception at night

ON
- monday, tuesday,… sunday
- friday evening, thursday afternoon
- Christmas day, Easter Sunday
- 21 June

Answer 7

AT
- hours: 9pm, 8 o’clock
- night
- sunrise, sunset, lunch time
- at Christmas, at Eve, at Ramanda

IN: General period of time

ON: Less general

AT: Specific time

Question 8

make or do

make:
- creating, producing, constructing, building st

I am making pasta for lunch

I made a decision to study abroad last year

I’m making plans to go out for dinner with my friends tonight

Answer 8

do:
- actions

We do homework/housework

I do the laundry/dishes

I do my hair/make up

I do exercise every morning

Question 9

…if… and whether…or not

Let me see if everything is OK (Duo)

I wonder if it will rain or not?

I wonder if we’ll catch the train or not?

Do you think she will agree or not?

Answer 9

Meaning: expresses doubt or uncertainty

Similar to whether…or not

They’re discussing whether to invest or not

She doubts whether he was telling the truth

I don’t know whether/if she’s coming

liệu…hay không

Question 10

Embedded Question là gì?
Embedded Question (Câu hỏi nhúng) là một câu hỏi được tích hợp vào trong câu khác, thường đóng vai trò như một phần của câu trần thuật hoặc câu hỏi khác. Khác với câu hỏi trực tiếp, Embedded Question không đảo ngữ và không dùng dấu hỏi (?).

1. Cấu trúc không đảo ngữ:
   
   • Câu hỏi trực tiếp: “Where is the library?”
     → Embedded Question: “I don’t know where the library is.”
2. Thường bắt đầu bằng từ để hỏi (what, where, how…) hoặc “if/whether”:
   
   • “Can you tell me what time it is?”
   • “She asked if/whether I was busy.”
3. Dùng trong các trường hợp:
   
   • Hỏi gián tiếp: “Do you know why he left?”
   • Diễn đạt sự không chắc chắn: “I wonder how she did it.”
   • Tường thuật lại câu hỏi: “He asked where I lived.”

Embedded Question giúp câu nói tự nhiên, lịch sự hơn so với hỏi trực tiếp.

Answer 10

Công thức chuyển đổi từ Câu hỏi trực tiếp → Embedded Question

“What is her name?” → “I don’t know what her name is.”
“Did they arrive?” → “She asked if/whether they arrived.”
“Where did you go?” → “Tell me where you went.”

• Không dùng trợ động từ (do/does/did) trong Embedded Question:
  ❌ “Can you explain where did he go?” → ✅ “Can you explain where he went?”
• “Whether” dùng khi có 2 lựa chọn: “I’m not sure whether she will come (or not).”

1. Trong giao tiếp:
   
   • “Could you tell me how much this costs?” (Bạn có thể nói cho tôi biết cái này giá bao nhiêu không?)
2. Trong văn viết:
   
   • “The report explains why the system failed.” (Báo cáo giải thích tại sao hệ thống lỗi.)

Câu hỏi trực tiếp | Embedded Question |

Question 11

may, might, and can

Can Very certain I can drive.
May Fairly certain (70-80%) | He may come today. |
Might (50-60%) | She might be at work. |

I can swim
Can she speak Spanish?

Word | Meaning | Certainty Level | Example |

Answer 11

It may rain tomorrow
He may be late.
May I come in? (very polite)
You may leave now.

It might rain tomorrow (less likely than “may”)
She might be home.
If I had more money, I might buy a car.
I might come to the party (not sure)

Question 12

(Subject) + would have + V3 + (if…)

I would have helped you, but I was sick.

She would have passed the exam if she had studied harder.

They would have come earlier if they had known about the traffic.

Answer 12

👉 “đáng lẽ đã…“, “đáng lẽ phải…“, “lẽ ra đã…“

Thường dùng trong câu điều kiện loại 3, nói về điều không có thật trong quá khứ.