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DHHD 1 > Gross 1 > Flashcards

Gross 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What heals faster than the rest of the body?

A

Oral cavity

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2
Q

When is the critical period?

A

The time during which the environment has the greatest impact on the developing embryo

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3
Q

When does the degree of nourishment matter?

A

During fetal development
Pre-eruption and post
Post-eruption of permanent teeth

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4
Q

When does primary tooth development begin?

A

6 weeks at gestation

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5
Q

What are the stages of tooth development?

A 
Initiation stage - 6th - 7th week
Bud stage - 8th week 
Cap stage - 9th - 10th week
Bell stage - 11th to 12th week
Apposition stage - varies per tooth
Maturation stage - varies per tooth
Mineralization stage - 12th - 16th week
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6
Q

Which trimester do primary teeth begin to mineralize?

A

Early second trimester

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7
Q

When are crowns of primary teeth formed?

A

At birth

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8
Q

When are crowns of permanent teeth formed?

A

By age 1

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9
Q

Saliva

A

plays a critical role later in life in caries prevention

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10
Q

Presence or lack of ________ can make the difference between high functioning salivary glands and deficient size and function of salivary glands

A

nutrients

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11
Q

Presence or lack of _______ can make the difference between healthy periodontal tissues that are resistant to bacterial invasion and those that form periodontal pockets

A

nutrients

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12
Q

What does Ca+, P, Mg, and Vitamin D effect?

A

Alveolar bone quality

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13
Q

What does vitamin C effect?

A

collagen formation of soft tissue

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14
Q

What does malnutrition effect?

A

delayed tooth eruption

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15
Q

What does protein deficiency effect?

A

Tooth size & eruption sequence

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16
Q

What are considered your macro nutrients?

A

Protein
Carbohydrates
Fats
Water

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17
Q

What is considered your micronutrients?

A
  • Vitamins
    • A
    • B complex
    • C
    • D
    • K
  • Calcium and phosphorus
  • Iron
  • Zinc - trace
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18
Q

Deficiency in which macromolecule causes crowded and rotated teeth?

A

Protein (pre-eruptive only)

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19
Q

Deficiency in which macromolecule causes slow tissue healing and causes degeneration of periodontal connective tissue?

A

Protein (post-eruptive)

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20
Q

Where are complete proteins found?

A

Animal proteins

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21
Q

Why are some proteins deemed incomplete?

A

They have a low quantity of one or more amino acids

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22
Q

Is shrimp a healthy protein

A

No

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23
Q

What are the effects of protein/calorie malnutrition? And is there any human data?
And is there a possible effect on caries?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Delayed tooth eruption
  • Decreased tooth size
  • Decreased enamel solubility
  • Salivary gland dysfunction
  • Yes human data
  • Yes effect on caries risk
24
Q

Which vitamins are water soluble?

Study These Flashcards
A

Vitamin C

All of the B vitamin complex?

25
Which vitamins are fat soluble?
Vitamin A Vitamin D Vitamin E Vitamin K
26
How do fat soluble and water soluble vitamins differ?
- Food sources of vitamins - Vitamin stability during cooking - Function in the body - Absorption and distribution in the body - Body's ability to store the vitamin in tissues for future use
27
What is (RDA)?
Recommended dietary allowance - amount of a vitamin thought to be needed for good health
28
What does vitamin A do? Pre-eruptive? Post-eruptive?
Synthesizes epithelial tissues Pre-eruptive - Assist in formation of salivary glands, enamel, and dentin Deficiency may contribute to cleft lip palate (folic acid deficiency leads to cleft lip palate) Post-eruptive - Maintains epithelial tissues and keeps salivary glands working Deficiency may cause glands to atrophy and keratinize periodontal tissues
29
What will increase enamel hypoplasia, decrease epithelial tissue development, and cause tooth morphogenesis dysfunction?
Vitamin A deficiency in pre-eruptive teeth by maternal deficiency
30
Why is Vitamin D important?
It enhances absorption of calcium and phosphorus
31
Why is calcium D is important pre-eruptively and post-eruptively?
Pre-eruptively - Aids with calcification of all hard tissues and a deficiency could cause enamel or dental hyperplasia Post eruptively helps repair diseased bone and supports immune function. Deficiency causes osteomalacia and the loss of lamina dura
32
When/How often should you go outside and get vitamin D?
15 min/3 times between 11 am and 2 pm
33
Why is vitamin C important?
Helps with the formation of collagen
34
Why is vitamin C important Pre-eruptively?
helps with the formation of bone and teeth and formation of all connective tissue. Deficiency causes irregular formation of dentin.
35
Why is vitamin C important Post eruptively?
Helps with formation of collagen, wound healing, and formation of connective tissue. Deficiency causes enlarged, bluish-red tissues (scurvy)
36
Is there human data on vitamin C deficiency? Also is there a possible effect on caries risk?
No & no
37
Major/Macro minerals
``` Calcium Chloride Magnesium Phosphorus (phosphate) Potassium Sodium Sulfur ```
38
Trace minerals
As important in body functions just as major minerals just in smaller amounts. More than 30 trace minerals
39
What are the 8 primary roles of minerals in the body?
1. Converting macronutrients to energy 2. Synthesizing/Activating enzymes 3. Forming hormones 4. Forming vitamins from precursor molecules 5. Forming vitamins from precursor molecules 6. Forming blood cells and recycling minerals from broken-down cells 7. Forming connective tissues 8. Function as antioxidants
40
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcify hard tissues
41
Calcium and Phosphorus (Pre-eruptively & Post-eruptively)?
Pre-eruptively - mineralize enamel, cementum, and bone. Deficiency causes hypo calcification of enamel Post-eruptively - Remineralize hard tissues and maintain bone. Deficiency causes bone loss.
42
Calcium and Phosphorus is there human data and is there a possible effect on caries risk?
Yes human data and yes caries risk
43
When is the critical growth period for fluoride?
From ages 6 months to 2.5 years when permanent teeth are developing
44
What is fluorides effect pre-eruptively and post eruptively?
pre-eruptive - incorporated into developing tooth to add strength post-eruptive - continues to protect against dental caries
45
What happens if you have too much fluoride? What about a deficiency in fluoride?
Too much - causes dental fluorosis Deficiency - calcified structures are weak, porous, and open for attack by acid destruction
46
Is there human data and is there a possible caries risk with fluoride deficiency?
Yes and yes
47
Why is iron important and what are some deficiencies?
Important, synthesizes hemoglobin Deficiency causes - Glossitis - Dysphagia - Atriphied lingual papilla - Gray mucous membranes - Angular cheilitis - Salivary gland dysfunction
48
Is there any human data on iron deficiencies? Is there an effect on caries risk?
No | Yes
49
T/F High blood levels of lead are associated with increased incidence of tooth caries
T
50
T/F Cotinine, by-product of nicotine, has a indirect relationship with dental caries in children exposed to second hand smoke.
F; it has a direct relationship
51
__________ causes permanent intrinsic tooth staining if ingested during tooth development.
Tetracycline
52
T/F High levels of naturally occurring fluoride can cause unsightly dental fluorosis
T
53
Diet does not have any correlation or affect growth of mandible, maxilla, and proper tooth eruption in animals
F; it does
54
Pregnancy weight gain should be __ lbs per month
3
55
During pregnancy calories should increase by 1._____kcal daily. During lactation calories should increase by 2._____kcal daily.
1. 300; 10-15g protein | 2. 500; 15+g protein
56
Test question* Folic acid
Received by: Green leafy vegetables Citrus Fruits Legumes Fortified cereals IT PREVENTS CLEFT LIP; US STARTED PUTING FOLIC ACID IN BREAD 50 YRS AGO
57
What should a pre-natal vitamin include?
``` 400 micrograms of folic acid 200 IU of vitmain D 200-300 mg of calcium 70 mg of vitamin C 3 mg of tiamine 2 mg of riboflavin 20 mg of niacin 6 mcg vitamin b12 10 mg of vitamin E 15 mg of zinc 17 mg of iron ```

DHHD 1 (9 decks)

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