Group 1 Flashcards
(27 cards)
Define intellectual disability
A disorder with an onset during developmental period that includes both intellectual and adaptive functioning deficits in conceptual, social, and practical domains
ID is also called
Intellectual Developmental Disorder
Conceptual skills:
- learning and remembering information
- understanding language
- speaking
- reading
- writing
- counting
Social skills
- having interpersonal skills
- following rules
- engaging in social problem-solving
- understanding others
- making and keeping friends
Practical skills:
- activities of daily living
- personal care
- practicing safety
- doing home activities
- having school/work skills
- participating in recreational activity
- using money
ID ranges from
- children with severe developmental disabilities who need constant care
- youths with only mid delays who are usually indistinguishable from their peers
ID is more commonly diagnosed in
- school-age children
- boys
Classification of ID based on IQ score
- mild
- moderate
- severe
- profound
Description of each level of classification
- educable
- trainable
- custodial
Types of ID
- down syndrome
- fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)
- developmental delays
Define down syndrome
A generic disorder in which a person has 47 chromosomes(an excess of chromoso,e 21) instead of the usual 46, and is characterized by moderate to severe ID, problems with language and academic functioning, and distinctive physical features, and a short life span
He first described down syndrome
John Langdon Down in 1866 with the original term “mongolism”
Down syndrome can be detected in a fetus through:
- amniocentesis
- chronic villus sampling
- ultrasound
Signs and symptoms of down syndrome
- short stature
- flat, broad face with small ears and nose
- upward, slanting eyes
- small mouth with small roof, protruding tongue may cause articulation problems
- speckling of the iris of the eye
- hypotonia (floppy muscles)
- hyperactivity of joints
3 main types of down syndrome:
- trisomy 21
- chromosomal mosaicism
- translocation
Down syndrome interventions
- IEPs
- speech therapy, occupational therapy, physical therapy
- lifestyle recommendations (healthy diet, physical activity)
- behavioral training
- sexual education, safe awareness skills, safe environments
Define fetal alcohol syndrome
A lifelong condition and a leading cause of ID for babies whose mothers are heavy consumers of alcohol during pregnancy
Signs and symptoms of FAS
- usually small at birth
- CNS dysfunction (ID, hyperactivity, irritability)
- impaired motor coordination
- executive function problems
- unusual facial features (small head, small eye opening, widely spaced eyes, flattened nose, or short and upturned, smooth philtrum, underdeveloped upper lip)
FAS interventions
- no cure
- only early intervention services to lessen some challenges (life skills training, vocational rehabilitation, mental health)
define global developmental delay
a temporary diagnosis to indicate developmental delays until the child is old enough to participate in IQ testing
developmental domains in which toddlers/infants are delayed:
- fine/gross motor skills
- speech/language
- social/ personal skills
- daily living
criteria of GDD in the DSM-5
- below 5 years old
- the individual fails to meet expected development milestone
- the individual is unable to undergo systematic assessments of intellectual functioning (e.g., too young)
what can cause GDD?
- social deprivation and severe economic conditions
- genetic disorders
- metabolic disorders
- shaken baby syndrome
- post-traumatic disorder
- exposure to certain toxic substances (prenatal alcohol exposure, lead poisoning)
- serious infections
- sensory deficits
most common genetic disorders that cause GDD
- down syndrome
- fragile X syndrome
- rett syndrome
