Lesson 1 Flashcards
(39 cards)
Define exceptional children
Exceptional children are those who deviate from a normal child in mental, physical, emotional, and social characteristics to the extent that they require special educational services. It is an inclusive term in a way that it can refer to children with learning and/or behavioral problems, physical disabilities or sensory impairments, and children who are intellectually gifted and have a special talent. Hence, children who are exceptional may be far above or extremely below the average.
Who are the exceptional children
- children with special academic, intellectual, social, and psycho-emotional needs due to physical, sensory, cognitive, and behavioral disability, needing special care, attention, and education for better adjustment
- children with exceptional abilities or talent, and giftedness
Identifying exceptional children
- sensory defects
- mental / intellectual disorders
- behavioral disorders
- neurological defects
- physical / physiological defects
History
- early history: era of superstition
- 19th century
- 20th century: era of public school classes
- 1950s and 1960s: era of legislation and national support
- 1970s: era of normalization, child advocacy, and litigation
- 1990s: era of rededication, redefinition, and refinement
Early history: era of superstition
Early beliefs centered on superstition, witchcraft, and environment is generally unsupportive for someone with disabilities
19th century
- Jean-Marc Itard & Edouard Sequin were the first individuals to work with children with intellectual and behavioral disabilities
- Dr. Thomas Gallaudet started programs for children with hearing impairment and deafness
- many institutions were in existence after this era
20th century: era of public school classes
- isolated classes for students with disabilities started in the US
- in 1922, the Council for Exceptional Children were founded in order to organize teachers who were working to help children with exceptionalities
1950s and 1960s: era of legislation and national support
- post-world war 2 era saw the beginnings of special programs for children with exceptionalities
- included civil rights movement of our country
1970s: era of normalization, child advocacy, and litigation
- many lawsuits, class action suits, and laws were established to provide services for students with disabilities
- the court has mandated that schools provide free and appropriate education for students with disabilities
1990s: era of rededication, redefinitionl and refinement
- RA 7277 (magna carta for disabled persons) - 1992
- RA 9442 (persons with disabilities act in the philippines) - 2007
RA 7277 (Magna Carta for Disabled Persons) - 1992
Emphasizes the need for accessible education, healthcare, and social integration for children with disabilities
RA 9442: persons with disability act in the philippines (2007)
Provides comprehensive support for the rights of individuals with disabilities, e.g., (1) enhance their quality of life through protection, accessibility, and inclusion, (2) ensure that they are given equal opportunities in various sectors, and (3) mandates that facilities are accessible to PWDs
Define labelling
Labelling is categorizing individuals based on their perceived differences, particularly in relation to disabilities. This dan influence how they are treated or perceived by society
holistic descriptions
- each child is unique, hence intervention and their needs may vary
- a child with exceptionality must be viewed through a lens that highlights their abilities and not only their disability
inclusive language
emphasizes the usage of person-first language, i.e., instead of pertaining to a child as “autistic” refer to them as a “person with autism”
multidisciplinary perspectives on children with disabilities
- this includes integrating insights from various perspectives like physical, emotional, social, and cognitive to ensure that all needs of a child are addressed
- collaborative effort from psychologists, medical practitioners, special education teachers, social workers, and healthcare providers are needed
- family are central to the multidisciplinary team because they provide vital information needed for a child’s growth
assessment and diagnosis is important to….
identify and understand a child’s special needs, strengths, and challenges
types of assessment
- cognitive assessment
- behavioral assessment
- emotional evaluation
- adaptive functioning test
importance of early intervention
- to implement effective interventions especially for children with developmental or learning disability
- to prevent worsening of conditions
who are the professionals involved?
- psychologists
- medical professionals
- special educators
use of technology in assessment
- neuroimaging
- digital diagnostic tools
helping process is more ___ and _____
- collaborative
- strength-based
stages of the helping process
- assessment
- planning
- intervention
- monitoring
assessment refers to the
identifying the child’s special needs, strengths and challenges
