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Readings in Philippine History > Group 2 - Spanish Colonial System in the Philippines > Flashcards

Group 2 - Spanish Colonial System in the Philippines Flashcards

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1
Q

golden century

A

Siglo de Oro

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2
Q

code that is composed of numerous decrees issues over the centuries to regulate Spanish colonial territories’ social, political, and economic life

A

Recopilacion de los Leyes de los Reynos de las Indias

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3
Q

What does “Recopilacion de los Leyes de los Reynos de las Indias” mean?

A

Laws of the Indies

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4
Q

What do historians always attributed Spanish colonization success to?

A
  • missionaries’ zeal
  • superiority of Spanish arms
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5
Q
  • colonizers were to gather information about the natives’ culture, language, and division of the natives in the provinces and leader they obey.
  • Spaniards were to seek friendship with these native leaders through trade and barter
A

Royal Ordinance on Pacification

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6
Q

When was the “Royal Ordinance on Pacification” issued?

A

1573

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7
Q

method that Spaniards used by using one group against another in quelling revolts through its rule

A

divide et impera (divide and rule)

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8
Q
  • the system of assigning quotas of exploitable goods, services, and persons
  • allows the Spaniards to seize the wealth and food of the natives
A

repartimiento system

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9
Q

term came from Spanish word ___ - to allow

A

repartir

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10
Q

process responsible for forming the nucleus of many towns and pueblos

A

reduccion

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11
Q

“under the bells”

A

bajo las campanas

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12
Q

The baptized natives were called ___ by the colonizers

A

Indios

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13
Q

unpacified natives

A

infieles

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14
Q

From __ to __, the Spain indirectly governed the Philippines through the Viceroy of New Spain

A

1565 - 1821

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15
Q

How did the Spain indirectly govern the Philippines from 1565-1821?

A

Viceroy of New Spain

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16
Q

Viceroy of New Spain

A

Nueva Espana in Mexico

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17
Q

As a crown of glory, who governed the Philippines?

A

Council of Indies

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18
Q

Council of Indies

A

Consejo de las Indias

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19
Q

supreme lawmaker and administrator of all and colonies

A

King

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20
Q

When was the Council of Indies replaced?

A

1863

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21
Q

The Council of Indies was replaced by __ __ ___ ___

A

Ministry of Overseas Colonies

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22
Q

Ministry of Overseas Colonies

A

Ministerio de Ultramar

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23
Q
  • carried the rank of Captian-General
  • headed he executive branch of the central government
A

governor-general

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24
Q

governor’s right to suspend or veto the operation of a Royal decree or order relative to the Philippines if, in his opinion, the said decree would not be beneficial to the country’s administration

A

cumplase

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25
exercised political and administrative powers if the governor-general is absent
Audiencia
26
came to the Philippines unannounced and incognito to check the Spanish officials' performance
visitador-real
27
Who reviews the outgoing governor-generals' performance at the end of their office term?
residencia
28
pacified districts of the local government
alcaldias
29
unpacified and strategic military, military districts of the local government
corregimiento
30
Who leads the alcaldia?
alcalde mayor
31
Who leads the corregimiento?
corregidor (military or naval officer)
32
Who heads the town or municipality composed of several barrios?
gobernadorcillo
33
gobernadorcillo is also called as __ __
capitan municipal
34
What is the gobernadorcillo or capitan municipal called today?
Mayor
35
Six (6) of the 13 electors who elects the mayor
former Cabezas de barangay
36
Who approves the one to be elected as gobernadorcillo?
Spanish friar-curate
37
Deputies that aid the gobernadorcillo in the town's administration
tenientes
38
Subordinate officials that aid the gobernadorcillo in the town's administration
alguaciles
39
duty was to collect taxes and other contributions, recruit labor, and maintain peace and order within a jurisdiction
Cabeza de barangay
40
served as the national constabulary in the 19th century
Guardia civil
41
What were the only cities during the first century of the Spanish rule?
- Cebu - Manila
42
What were the six (6) cities in the Philippines by the 17th century?
- Cebu - Manila - Vigan - Nueva Segovia - Arevalo - Nueva Caceres
43
Nueva Segovia
Lal-lo in Cagayan
44
Arevalo
part of Iloilo City
45
Nueva Caceres
Naga
46
- equivalent to today's city hall - government of the cities
ayuntamiento
47
councilors
regidores
48
The ayuntamiento consisted of?
- 2 alcaldes - 12 regidores - chief of police - city secretary - few other lesser officials
49
missionaries that were deployed in 1571
Augustinians
50
missionaries that were deployed in 1577
Franciscans
51
missionaries that were deployed in 1583
Jesuits
52
missionaries that were deployed in 1587
Dominicans
53
missionaries that were deployed in 1606
Recollects
54
missionaries that were deployed in 1895
Benedictines
55
Because the early Kings of Spain helped much in propagating and defending the Catholic faith, they became closely identified with the Church and there was a __ __ __ __ __
Union of Church and State
56
not only priests but also agents of the Spanish King
friars
57
- favor from the King - the Spaniard receiving the favor was given the right to collect tributes or taxes from the natives of an area assigned to him
encomienda
58
man who received the favor of collecting tributes or taxes
encomendero
59
Who was the first encomendero?
Governor-General Legazpi
60
What are the three kinds of encomienda?
1. Royal 2. Ecclesiastical 3. Private
61
encomienda belonged to the King
Royal
62
encomienda belonged to the Church
Ecclesiastical
63
encomienda belonged to a private individual
Private
64
Spanish officials ordered the natives to work in constructing churches, roads, bridges, ships and hauling and cutting of industries
Polo y Servicios
65
For a Filipino laborer to be exempted from forced labor, he had to pay a fee called what?
falla
66
Filipinos were compelled to pay a tribute, in cash or in-kind, in full or on an installment bases, to the Spanish colonial government
Tributo
67
form of recognition of their loyalty to the King of Spain
tribute
68
The amount of tribute in 1570 when it was introduced
eight (8) reales
69
How much is one (1) real
12.5 centavos
70
Who paid the tributes?
persons above 16 years old up to 60 years old
71
When was the tribute raised?
1589
72
Why was the tribute raised?
small portion to be given to the church
73
What do you call the small portion of tribute to be given to the church
Sanctorum
74
When was the tribute abolished?
1884
75
Why was the tribute abolished by the King?
- opposition to the tribute - abuse committed with its collection
76
What was introduced after the tribute was abolished?
cedula personal
77
Cedula personal is the present equivalent of the __ __ __ __
Residence Certificate Class "A"
78
What were the other taxes Filipino paid?
1. Diezmos prediales 2. Donativo de Zamboanga 3. Vinta
79
tax which is consisted of one-tenth of the produce of the land
Diezmos prediales
80
tax explicitly used for the conquest of Jolo
Donativo de Zamboanga
81
tax paid by the people of some provinces along the western coast of Luzon for the defense from Muslim raids
Vinta
82
trade across the Pacific
Galleon Trade
83
Who were only allowed to trade?
privilege persons - high ranking officials of the State - the Church - galleons' crews
84
Conditions of polo y servicios
1. Filipinos drafted for work must be paid. 2. Filipino laborers should not be made to work in distant places to return to their families. 3. Drafting should not coincide with the planting and harvesting season. 4. Physically incapable men should not be overworked. 5. Forced labor should be resorted to only in cases of absolute necessity. 6. Number of laborers drafted should be diminished as soon as laborers from other countries (probably the Chinese) had volunteered to work.

Readings in Philippine History (18 decks)

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