Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

NAU_SOC201 > Group 3 > Flashcards

Group 3 Flashcards

(109 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Weber recommended that sociologists adopt his method of …………. or ,,,,,,,,,,,,

A

Verstehen (vurst e hen), or empathetic understanding.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The founding fathers of sociology were a group of 19th and early 20th century thinkers who laid the foundation for the modern discipline of …….

A

sociology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

They were influenced by the social, economic and political changes brought about by the Industrial Revolution, urbanization and colonialism.
Although countless individuals have contributed to sociology’s development into a social science, several individuals deserve special mention. These individuals include:
………….

A

Auguste Comte (1798-1857)
Herbert Spencer (1820-1903)
Karl Marx (1818-1883)
Emile Durkheim (1858-1917)
Max Weber (1864-1920)
George Simmel (1858-1918)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The French philosopher, ……… often called ‘the father of sociology’ first used the term ‘Sociology’ in 1838 to refer to the scientific study of society.

A

Auguste Comte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

.

Change in one part of the society causes …….. in the other parts.

A

change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Comte viewed the science of sociology as consisting of two branches: …… and……..

A

Dynamics and Statics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Because of the ties between ……. And ……, Weber believed that sociologists must inquire into peoples’ thoughts, feelings, and perceptions regarding their own behaviours.

A

objective behaviour and subjective interpretation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

MAX WEBER

A

(1864-1920)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The German sociologist, …… disagreed with the ‘objective evidence only’ position of Durkheim.

A

Max Weber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Weber equally wrote on power and ………

A

legitimizing authority

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

To Weber, …….. is the ability of a social actor to compel another actor to carry out an order.

A

Power

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

…….argued that sociologists must also consider people’s interpretation of events themselves.

A

Weber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Conversely, authority involves a willingness to comply to an order (especially by a subordinate person) because the source of the order has strong legitimacy Weber classified authority into Three types namely ………, ………… and ………

A

Traditional, Legal- rational authority and charismatic authority

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Weber believed that individuals’ behaviours cannot exist apart from their own behaviours, and that people tend to act according to these ……..

A

interpretations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

…….. is derived from inherited conduct norms or institutional values usually transmitted from generation to generation

A

Traditional Authority

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Legal-Rational Authority is formally derived from carefully structured ……….

A

legal codes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Dynamics is ………

A

simply the study of processes by which societies change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

………. allows sociologists to mentally put themselves into the ‘other person’s shoes’ and thus obtain an ‘interpretive understanding’ of the meanings of individuals’ behaviours.

A

Verstehen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Legal_rational authority form the basis of modern …….

A

legal documents.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

According to such ……….., the character and composition, modalities of formal organizations are determined and filled.

A

documents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Auguste Comte believes that all societies develop and progress through the following stages; ……., …….. and …….

A

Religious, metaphysical and scientific.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Comte argued that society needs …….. based on facts and evidence to solve its problems- not speculation and superstition, which characterized religious and metaphysical stages of social development.

A

scientific knowledge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The 19th century English man, ………. compared society to a living organism with interdependent parts.

A

Herbert Spencer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

while on the other hand ……. is referred to as the study of processes by which society endure.

A

Statics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
In other words, every part contributes to the........ and .....of the society as a whole.
stability and survival
26
Comte also envisioned sociologists as eventually developing a ........... that would guide society into positive directions
base of scientific social knowledge
27
Unlike social thinkers before Comet, he saw a relationship between ......... and ........
Biology and sociology
28
When social problems are addressed with such knowledge, the problems will have a more .......... than the case during theological or metaphysical stages
enduring solution
29
......... outlined the intellectual mission of sociology and how this is to be achieved which is through the Positivist method.
Comte
30
leadership in trying to defy the laws of ........
nature.
31
Chiefly among those who disagreed was the German political philosopher and economist known as ......... who observed society’s exploitation of the poor by the rich and powerful.
Karl Marx,
32
Karl Marx further claimed that a society’s .......... decides people’s norms, values, mores and religious beliefs as well as the nature of the society’s political, governmental and educational systems.
economic system
33
The class of capitalists that Marx called the ......... particularly enraged him.
Bourgeoisie
34
Not everyone agreed with Spencer’s vision of societal ........ and ........
harmony and stability.
35
Marx argued that Spencer’s ........ was a falsehood.
healthy societal ‘organism’
36
Rather than interdependence and stability, Marx claimed that ........ especially class conflict and competition mark all societies.
social conflict
37
Also, unlike ......., Marx urged people to take an active role in changing society rather than simply trusting it to evolve positively on its own.
Spencer
38
. Unlike Spencer, Marx believed that ......., not natural selection, determines the differences between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat.
economics
39
What he produces has an effect on the quality of life he lives. This is because he ....... his products with others in the society
exchanges
40
In effect, it is ....... that moves the society forward.
social conflict
41
He remarked that it is man’s quest to satisfy his survival needs and that should make him to enter into........
production
42
For Marx, ...... comprise of a moving balance of antithetical forces which causes social change by their tensions and struggles.
society
43
Marx then took his ideas of....... one step further.
class conflict
44
Members of the bourgeoisie own the means of ....... and exploit the class of labourers called the Proletariat, who do not own the means of production.
production
45
Marx believed that the very natures of ........ and...... inescapably lock the two classes in conflict.
the bourgeoisie and the proletariat
46
Marx predicted that the labourers are not selectively ‘......., but are destined to overthrow the capitalists.
unfit’
47
Such a class revolution would establish a ........ society in which all people work according to their needs
‘class-free’
48
............associated with people who rule by virtue of grace given to them by God
Charismatic Authority
49
If one part of the society ......., the other parts must adjust to the crisis and contribute even more to preserve the society.
malfunctions
50
Family, education government, industry and religion comprise just a few of the parts of the ‘.............
organism’ of society.
51
......... suggested that society will correct its own defects through the natural process of ‘survival of the fittest’.
Spencer
52
Societies differ in terms of ....... or bond holding its members
solidarity
53
.......... or ....... prevails when society is not able to constrain individuals from acting out their free will.
Anomic or normlessness
54
Collective sentiments are forced through ........
sanctions
55
........ is a moral reality.
Society
56
........ work themselves out when the government leaves society alone.
Social problems
57
58
The societal ‘organism’ naturally leans toward ........ or balance and stability.
homeostasis
59
The ‘fittest- the rich, powerful and successful enjoy their ........ because nature has ‘selected’ them to do so
status
60
. In contrast, nature has deemed the ‘unfit’- the poor, weak and unsuccessful- to .......
failure
61
They must fend for themselves without ....... if the society is to remain healthy and even progress to higher levels.
social assistance
62
.......... interference in the natural order of society weakens society by wasting the efforts of its
Governmental
63
Despite their differences, Marx, Spencer and Comte all acknowledged the importance of using ......... to study society, although none actually used scientific methods.
science
64
Not until ........... did a person systematically apply scientific methods to sociology as a discipline.
Emile Durkheim
65
A French philosopher and sociologist, ......., stressed the importance of studying social facts, or patterns of behaviour characteristic of a particular group.
Durkheim
66
The ........ of suicide especially interested Durkheim. He did not limit his ideas on the topic to mere speculation.
phenomenon
67
......... formulated his conclusions about the causes of suicide based on the analysis of large amounts of statistical data collected from various European countries.
Durkheim
68
.......... should only consider as objective ‘evidence’ what they themselves.
Sociologists
69
According to Comte, the challenge facing sociologists is to develop a ......... that will assist man in mastering the challenges of living in his society.
Scientific system
70
In light of the above, ......... contribution to the status of sociology as an academic discipline are: His belief that the society determines individual’s behaviour in it.
Durkheim’s
71
Herbert Spencer
(1820-1903)
72
Karl Marx
(1818-1883)
73
Emile Durkheim
(1858-1917)
74
Max Weber
(1864-1920)
75
George Simmel
(1858-1918)
76
........... exist as network of institutions, structurally interrelated and which performs some functions for the society to survive
Societies
77
........... certainly advocated the use of systematic observation to study sociological events, but he also recommended that sociologists avoid considering people’s attitudes when explaining society.
Durkheim
78
The widening scale of society can be seen as a ........ increase in disparities and inequalities within a society, leading to a growing gap between different groups and individuals.
multi-faceted
79
.............. involves addressing the widening gap requires a multi-prolonged approach that includes policies aimed at promoting income equality, improving access to education and healthcare and fostering more equitable social structures.
SOLUTIONS TO ADDRESS THE WIDENING SCALE OF SOCIETY
80
ECONOMIC GAP SOCIAL GAP POLITICAL GAP POLITICAL GAP KNOWLEDGE GAP are ........
TYPES OF GAPS
81
This ...... manifests in various forms, including wealth inequality, income inequality and disparities in access to resources and opportunities.
disparity
82
........... can lead to social unrest, decreased economic growth and even conflict.
disparity
83
......... Is the disparity between the rich and the poor.
ECONOMIC GAP
84
............ refers to the unequal distribution of economic resources, income and wealth among individuals, groups or societies.
Economic gap
85
........ is also known as Income inequality or Wealth Disparity
ECONOMIC GAP
86
........... Isthe divide between different social classes, castes or ethnic groups in terms of their social status leading to unequal access to opportunities, services and social mobility.
SOCIAL GAP
87
......... is also known as Social Inequality or Social Disparity.
Social gap
88
........Is the disparity between the ruling elite and the general population, with the leaders holding more power, influence and decision-making authority.
POLITICAL GAP
89
........Is the divide between those with access to information, education and skills and those without, leading to unequal opportunities and social mobility
KNOWLEDGE GAP
90
CAUSES OF THE GAPS OF THE WIDENING SCALE OF SOCIETY
Unequal Access to Education, Discrimination, Globalization, Tax Policies
91
.......... Limited access to quality education can hinder social mobility and perpetuate income inequality.
Unequal Access to Education:
92
........... based on factors like race, gender and ethnicity can lead to unequal access to economic opportunities.
Discrimination:
93
......... can exacerbate income equality by creating jobs that are vulnerable to outsourcing and opportunities.
Globalization:
94
....... Tax policies that favour the wealthy can widen the income gap.
Tax Policies:
95
EFFECTS/CONSEQUENCES OF THE WIDENING SCALE OF THE SOCIETY
Social Unrest, Economic Instability, Decreased Social Mobility, Physical Health, Increased Corruption, Social Isolation
96
Growing inequalities can lead to social tensions, protests and conflicts. This is known as ......
Social Unrest and Conflict:
97
.......... Is the eidening economic disparities can lead to economic instability, reduced economic growth and decreased social cohesion.
Economic Instability:
98
....... Limited access to opportunities and resources can reduce social mobility and perpetuate inequalities.
Decreased Social Mobility:
99
.......Is the growing disparities can lead to social isolation, as people become disconnected from others and they feel like they don’t belong.
Social isolation
100
........Is the economic and social inequalities that can contribute to increased corruption, as those in power may use their positions to accumulate wealth and maintain their power
Increased Corruption:
101
102
..........., .........., ......... .......... and .......... involves addressing the widening gap requires a multi-prolonged approach that includes policies aimed at promoting income equality, improving access to education and healthcare and fostering more equitable social structures.
1. Progressive Economic Policies 2. Investing in Education and Skills 3. Promoting Social and Cultural Inclusion 4. Strengthening Democratic Institutions 5. Addressing the Digital Divide
103
..........Is the stress and anxiety caused by social and economic inequalities can have negative impacts on mental and physical health.
Negative impact on physical and mental health.
104
Such approaches may include; ..........: Implementing policies like progressive taxation, social welfare programs and minimum wage laws can help reduce economic inequalities.
Progressive Economic Policies
105
Investing in Education and Skills: Increasing access to quality education, training and skills can help bridge the knowledge gap and promote ......
social mobility
106
Promoting Social and Cultural Inclusion: Encouraging diversity, equity and inclusion can help break down ....... and ......
social and cultural barriers.
107
Strengthening Democratic Institutions: Ensuring fair representation, transparency and accountability in governance can help reduce the political gap and promote social ..........
cohesion
108
Addressing the Digital Divide is Increasing access to ........., ......... and ........ can help bridge the digital divide.
technology, digital literacy and online resources
109
The father of sociology is of ...... Origin
French

NAU_SOC201 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions