Grp1

Question 2

………. is one of the social sciences, along with subjects like psychology, economics, and political science.

Answer 2

Sociology

Question 3

But what makes sociology different is that it focuses on …….., not just individuals.

Answer 3

groups of people

Question 4

For example, while ……….. might study one person’s behavior, sociology looks at how people behave in groups, like in families, schools, or workplaces.

Answer 4

psychology

Question 5

Sociology is considered a science because it studies social life in a ……

Answer 5

systematic way.

Question 6

…………….ask questions, create hypotheses (guesses), collect data, and then use that data to understand society better

Answer 6

Sociologists

Question 7

Sociology use both numbers (quantitative data) and words (qualitative data) to study ……. and ………

Answer 7

people and society.

Question 8

Some key points that show sociology is a science include:

Answer 8

Organized Research, . Real Evidence, Use of Theories, Working with Other Fields

Question 9

Sociologists don’t just guess things. They use planned methods like surveys, interviews, or fieldwork to gather data this is refered to as ……..

Answer 9

Organized Research:

Question 10

Sociology relies on facts that can be seen or measured, not just opinions or stories called ….

Answer 10

Real Evidence:

Question 11

Sociologists use theories to explain what they find this is ……..

Answer 11

Use of Theories

Question 12

For example,………. sees society as a system where everything works together.

Answer 12

functionalism

Question 13

……… focuses on the struggles between different groups, like the rich and poor.

Answer 13

Conflict theory

Question 15

By looking at ………. like poverty, discrimination, crime, education, and family life, sociology helps people, leaders, and communities make better decisions.

Answer 15

problems

Question 16

BRANCHES OF SOCIOLOGY are ……….., …………., ……….., ……….., ……………

Answer 16

1. Social Psychology
2. Criminology
3. Sociology of Education
4. Political Sociology
5. Economic Sociology

Question 17

Some of the main areas of study in sociology includes
………….
…………..
………….
………….
…………..

.

Answer 17

1. Social Psychology
2. Criminology
3. Sociology of Education
4. Political Sociology
5. Economic Sociology

Question 18

………looks at how people’s thoughts and behaviors are affected by being in groups. It studies things like peer pressure or how people form their identity.

Answer 18

Social Psychology

Question 19

………… Is the branch of sociology that studies crime and why people break the law. It also looks at how society responds to crime and how the justice system works.

Answer 19

Criminology

Question 20

………….. looks at schools and how they affect people’s chances in life. It studies things like inequality in education and how school systems are organized.

Answer 20

Sociology of Education

Question 21

………….focuses on politics and how power is shared in society. It also looks at how people vote and how political decisions affect everyday life.

Answer 21

Political Sociology:

Question 22

…………studies how social relationships affect money and business. It looks at things like job culture, shopping habits, and the global economy.

Answer 22

Economic Sociology

Question 23

…………., ………., …………, ……….. and ………… areas show that sociology can be used to understand almost every part of our lives.

Question 24

Sociology became a formal subject in the ……… during a time when society was changing fast. Although people had thought about social issues for a long time, it wasn’t until the modern era that sociology became a science of its own.

Answer 24

1800s

Question 25

Several important changes led to its rise: 1. Industrial Revolution: When factories and machines became common in the late 1700s, people moved from the countryside to cities. Life changed quickly—there were more jobs, but also more poverty, crowding, and health problems. Sociology started to help understand these problems. 2. Capitalism: As capitalism grew, a big gap formed between the rich and the poor. Karl Marx, one of the key founders of sociology, focused on how this system created inequality and conflict between workers and business owners. 3. Scientific Revolution: The success of sciences like physics made people want to study society using similar methods. Auguste Comte, known as the “Father of Sociology,” believed we could study society with the same logic and order as we study nature. 4. Political Revolutions: Events like the French and American revolutions introduced ideas like freedom and equality. These big changes in how governments worked also affected society, and sociology tried to make sense of them. FOUNDERS OF SOCIOLOGY Several important thinkers helped build sociology as a subject: Auguste Comte (1798–1857): He created the word “sociology” and believed in using science to study society. He thought that society follows rules just like the natural world does. Karl Marx (1818–1883): He studied how the economy affects social life and believed that society is shaped by the fight between classes, especially between workers and the wealthy. Émile Durkheim (1858–1917): He focused on how societies stay together and how social forces, like religion and education, affect people. He believed in studying “social facts”—things that exist outside the individual but still influence them. Max Weber (1864–1920): He looked at how culture, values, and individual choices affect society. He believed it’s important to understand how people make sense of their own lives. HOW SOCIOLOGY HAS GROWN Sociology has developed over time and continues to grow: In the early 1900s, sociologists studied cities, immigration, and race. The “Chicago School” became known for studying urban life. By the mid-1900s, new ideas like structural functionalism (society as a system), symbolic interactionism (everyday interactions), and critical theory (challenging power structures) became popular. More recently, sociology has looked at topics like globalization, digital life, the environment, and how race, gender, and class combine to affect people’s experiences. Today, sociology continues to be a useful tool for understanding the world and trying to improve it. SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS Social institutions are the big parts of society that help keep things running. They are systems that guide behavior and meet people’s basic needs. Some of the main social institutions include: 1. Family: Families are where people first learn about the world. They teach language, rules, and values. Families come in different forms— nuclear families, extended families, single-parent families, and more. Sociologists study how family affects things like gender roles, child development, and income. 2. Education: Schools teach more than just reading and writing. They also teach social skills and prepare people for work. However, there are problems like unequal access to good schools, which sociology studies in detail. 3. Religion: Religion gives people moral guidance and a sense of belonging. It can unite people, but sometimes it also causes conflict. Sociologists look at how religion affects people’s views, behaviors, and political actions. 4. Economy: The economy controls how goods and services are made and shared. Sociologists study things like jobs, money, poverty, and consumer culture. They also look at how global trade affects everyday life. 5. Government and Politics: Governments make laws, keep order, and manage resources. Political sociology studies things like voting, power, and how policies affect different groups in society. 6. Healthcare: Health institutions take care of physical and mental well-being. Sociology looks at things like access to hospitals, health differences between groups, and mental health stigma. The COVID-19 pandemic showed how important and unequal health care can be. CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS 1. Structured and Organized – They follow a recognized and stable pattern of behavior. 2. Functionality – Each serves a specific purpose essential for the maintenance and survival of society. 3. Cultural Transmission – Institutions play a vital role in socializing individuals into the culture of the society. 4. Continuity and Change – Institutions evolve with time but also maintain traditions 5. Interdependence – No institution exists in isolation; they interact and influence each other. ROLES OF SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS Social institutions play several important roles in society: 1. Socialization: They teach people how to behave in society.        2. Control: They set rules and solve conflicts. 3. Support: They provide things like education, healthcare, and jobs. 4. Unity: They help bring people together and build identity. Even though institutions help society run smoothly, they can also create or continue unfairness. For example, schools might treat poor students differently, or the economy might keep some people in poverty. That’s why sociology is important—it helps find and fix these problems. CONCLUSION Sociology is a helpful subject that explains how people live and interact in society. It started during a time of big changes, like the Industrial revolution and the rise of capitalism. Since then, it has grown and now studies almost every part of life, from families to governments. A big part of sociology is understanding social institutions, which shape how we live and what opportunities we have. By studying these institutions, sociology helps us understand problems and think of ways to solve them. In today’s fast-changing world, sociology remains an important tool for learning and making things better for everyone