Group 3 Flashcards
(23 cards)
What is the source of heptavalent botulism antitoxin?
Derived from equine plasma (horse serum).
Which botulinum neurotoxin serotypes does the heptavalent antitoxin target?
Serotypes A, B, C, D, E, F, and G.
How does the heptavalent antitoxin work?
Binds to botulinum neurotoxins, blocking their interaction with nerve endings and preventing neurotransmitter inhibition.
How does the heptavalent antitoxin work?
Binds to botulinum neurotoxins, blocking their interaction with nerve endings and preventing neurotransmitter inhibition.
What is the adult dosage regimen for heptavalent antitoxin?
One vial IV, starting at 0.5 mL/min, increasing to max 2 mL/min.
What caution is critical during administration?
Monitor for hypersensitivity reactions (e.g., anaphylaxis) and infusion-related complications.
What advantage do human-derived antitoxins have over equine-based ones?
Lower hypersensitivity risk (e.g., BabyBIG® for infant botulism).
How are monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for botulism produced?
Engineered in CHO/human cell lines via recombinant DNA technology.
What are the key benefits of monoclonal antibodies?
Consistent potency, fewer side effects, and precise serotype targeting.
What is the infant dosage for human-derived antitoxin (e.g., BabyBIG®)?
50 mg/kg IV (1 mL/kg), infused at 0.5 mL/kg/hr.
Name two investigational uses of botulism antitoxins.
Post-exposure prophylaxis (bioterrorism) and inhalational botulism treatment.
What are common sources of IPA toxicity?
Hand sanitizers, rubbing alcohol, household cleaners, and cosmetics.
What is IPA’s mechanism of toxicity?
Denatures proteins, disrupts cell membranes, causes CNS depression, and metabolic acidosis (via acetone).
What is the toxic dose of IPA for adults?
~240 mL (acute ingestion).
What are severe symptoms of IPA poisoning?
Respiratory depression, hypotension, coma, and metabolic acidosis.
How is IPA poisoning managed?
Supportive care, activated charcoal (if <1 hour post-ingestion), fluid resuscitation, and hemodialysis in severe cases.
What contraindication applies to IPA use?
Pregnancy/lactation (risk of fetal harm or breast milk transfer).
Why is flammability a caution for IPA?
Highly flammable; requires storage away from heat sources.
What monitoring is needed during heptavalent antitoxin infusion?
Vital signs for hypersensitivity reactions and infusion rate adjustments.
What is a key difference between human-derived and equine antitoxins?
Human-derived antitoxins use pathogen-screened plasma from vaccinated donors.
What lab test interference does heptavalent antitoxin cause?
Glucose-specific testing systems may yield inaccurate results.
What plant-derived toxins cross-react with Digoxin Immune Fab?
Pheasant’s eye, balloon cotton bush, and toad venom (off-label use).
What is a major complication of IPA toxicity?
Severe metabolic acidosis requiring hemodialysis.
