Group 5 Flashcards
(21 cards)
What is the mechanism of action of Digoxin Immune Fab?
Binds digoxin/cardiac glycosides to form complexes excreted by the kidneys.
When is Digoxin Immune Fab indicated?
Life-threatening digoxin toxicity (arrhythmias, hyperkalemia >5 mEq/L, serum digoxin >10 ng/mL).
What is the empiric dose for cardiac arrest due to digoxin toxicity?
10 vials IV (40mg/4ml), repeat 5-10 vials as needed.
Name two adverse effects of Digoxin Immune Fab.
Hypokalemia, allergic reactions (mild hypersensitivity to anaphylaxis).
What contraindication applies to Digoxin Immune Fab?
Allergy to sheep proteins (ovine-derived).
What are the primary indications for calcium gluconate?
Hypocalcemia, hyperkalemia, cardiotoxicity from CCB/β-blocker overdose, hydrofluoric acid burns.
What complication arises from IV calcium gluconate extravasation?
Tissue necrosis due to calcium-induced vasoconstriction and calcifications.
How is calcium gluconate extravasation managed?
Stop infusion, aspirate extravasated fluid, inject hyaluronidase, apply warm compresses.
What is a contraindication for calcium gluconate?
Hypercalcemia or hypersensitivity to calcium gluconate.
Why is ceftriaxone contraindicated with IV calcium gluconate in neonates?
Forms insoluble microparticles, risking embolism
What are the three forms of mercury?
Elemental (metallic), inorganic (e.g., mercuric chloride), organic (e.g., methylmercury).
How does mercury disrupt cellular function?
Binds sulfhydryl (-SH) groups in proteins, inactivating enzymes and causing oxidative stress.
What symptom is specific to methylmercury exposure?
Neurodevelopmental toxicity in fetuses (crosses placenta and blood-brain barrier).
What lab test is best for chronic inorganic mercury exposure?
24-hour urine mercury levels (>20 μg/L indicates toxicity).
Name two chelating agents for mercury poisoning.
Dimercaprol (BAL) for acute inorganic/elemental; Succimer (DMSA) for chronic/mild cases.
What preventive measure reduces mercury exposure from fish?
Avoiding large predatory fish (e.g., tuna) due to bioaccumulation.
What ECG changes occur in hypercalcemia?
Short QT, prolonged PR, widened QRS, T-wave abnormalities.
What is a key intervention for hydrofluoric acid burns?
Calcium gluconate to bind fluoride ions and prevent systemic toxicity.
How is hemodynamic stability monitored during CCB overdose treatment?
Serum ionized calcium checked every 30 minutes until stable.
What industrial action reduces mercury pollution?
Phasing out coal combustion and promoting renewable energy (solar/wind).
What is a banned product to prevent mercury exposure?
Mercury-containing skin-lightening creams.
