Group 4

Question 1

define encoding

Answer 1

process of acquiring information and transferring it into the long term memory

Question 2

2 ways of encoding

Answer 2

• maintenance rehearsal
• elaborative rehearsal

Question 3

maintenance rehearsal vs elaborative rehearsal

Answer 3

maintenance rehearsal
- process of repeatedly verbalizing or thinking about a piece of information without considering its meaning. it has no connection with other previously learned information

elaborative rehearsal
- occurs when you think the meaning of an item or make connections between the item and something you know

Question 4

_____ is a theory in encoding

Answer 4

levels of processing theory (Craik & Lockhart, 1972)

Question 5

levels of processing theory suggests that __________

Answer 5

memory is influenced by the depth of processing it undergoes—deeper processing enhances retention more than shallow processing

Question 6

2 basic levels of processing

Answer 6

• shallow processing
• deep processing

Question 7

shallow vs deep processing

Answer 7

shallow processing
- involves little to not attention to meaning
- maintenance rehearsal is a technique associated with this

deep processing
- involves close attention to meaning and its relationship to something an individual already knows
- elaborative rehearsal is a technique associated with this

Question 8

6 strategies in encoding (FLGORR)

Answer 8

• forming visual images
• linking words to yourself
• generating information
• organizing information
• relating words to survival value
• retrieval practice

Question 9

6 effective studying techniques (EGOTAA)

Answer 9

• elaborating
• generating and testing
• organizing
• take breaks
• avoid “illusions of learning”
• always take down notes

Question 10

define interference

Answer 10

occurs when competing information causes us to forget something

Question 11

define decay

Answer 11

occurs when simply the passage of time causes us to forget

Question 12

theories of forgetting

Answer 12

• decay theory
• interference theory

Question 13

decay vs interference theory

Answer 13

decay theory
- information is forgotten because of the gradual disappearance, rather than displacement, of the memory trace

interference theory
- information is forgotten because recall of certain words interfere with recall of other words

Question 14

2 types of interference

Answer 14

• retroactive interference
• proactive interference

Question 15

retroactive vs proactive interference

Answer 15

retroactive interference
- newly acquired information interferes with the recall of old information

proactive interference
- old or past information interferes with acquiring new information

Question 16

2 motivated forgetting

Answer 16

• suppression
• repression

Question 17

suppression vs repression

Answer 17

suppression
- conscious effort to forget unwanted memories

repression
- unconscious effort to forget traumatic or distressing memories

Question 18

memory distortion

Answer 18

recalled information becomes altered or inaccurate over time

Question 19

false memory could be _____
(ICD)

Answer 19

• implanted memories
• confabulation
• deja vu

Question 20

define implanted memories

Answer 20

suggestion leads to believing in events that never occured

Question 21

define confabulation

Answer 21

unconsciously filling memory gaps with fabricated information without deceit

Question 22

define deja vu

Answer 22

experiencing false familiarity with a new situation

Question 23

define source monitoring errors

Answer 23

misattributing the origin or source of the information

Question 24

misinformation effect

Answer 24

alters recall of the initial event

Question 25

define retrieval cues

Answer 25

words or stimuli that helps in recalling information stored in our memory

Question 26

4 types of retrieval (RRRR)

Answer 26

- recall - recollection - recognition - relearning

Question 27

define recall

Answer 27

being able to access information without being cued

Question 28

define recollection

Answer 28

involves reconstructing memory

Question 29

define recognition

Answer 29

identifying information after experiencing it again

Question 30

define relearning

Answer 30

relearning information that has been previously learned

Question 31

2 methods of memory retrieval (FC)

Answer 31

- free recall - cued recall

Question 32

free recall vs cued recall

Answer 32

free recall - retrieving information from memory without cues cued recall - retrieving information from memory with the help of cues

Question 33

define encoding specificity

Answer 33

suggests that information is encoded along with its context

Question 34

define state-dependent learning

Answer 34

suggests that matching the conditions at encoding and retrieval can influence memory

Question 35

define transfer-appropriate processing

Answer 35

suggests that memory performance is enhanced if the type of task at encoding matches the type of task at retrieval