Group Counseling & Group Work

Question 1

401

Prior to the 1960’s most counseling took place ________.

A. in a group setting
B. with the entire family present
C. in a dyadic relationship
D. in behavior therapy clinics

Pg. 257

Answer 1

C. in a dyadic relationship

Dyad = unit of two functioning as a pair (counselor & counselee)

Family & behavior therapy was not evident in the 1950’s.

Question 2

402

A group has ________.

A. a membership which can be defined
B. some degree of unity and interaction
C. a share purpose
D. all of the above

Pg. 258

Answer 2

D. all of the above

Question 3

403

The term “group therapy” was coined in 1931 by _______.

A. Frank Parsons, the father of guidance (also referred to as vocational guidance).
B. Jacob Moreno, the father of psychodrama
C. E.G. Williamson, associated with the Minnesota Viewpoint
D. Frits Perls, the father of gestalt therapy

Pg. 258

Answer 3

B. Jacob Moreno, the father of psychodrama

Question 4

Jacob Moreno’s “Theatre of _________” in the 1920’s relied on improvisation and drama as healing forces.

Pg. 259

Answer 4

Spontaneity

Question 5

_________ techniques are appropriate for family therapy and group work.

Pg. 259

Answer 5

psychodramatic

Question 6

The first mutual aid, self-help support group, __________, was founded in 1935 by a stock broker, Bill Wilson and Dr. Bob Smith in Akron, Ohio. Membership of this group worldwide is now thought to top two million. This group is also referred to as a 12-step group.

Pg. 259

Answer 6

Alcoholics Anonymous

Question 7

404

Noted psychotherapy author and scholar Raymond Corsini once referred to the early 1940s as the “modern era” of group work. In the 1940s the two organizations for group therapy were created and group work became a legitimate specialty. The groups are __________.

A. NASW and NBCC
B. ASGW and AAS
C. the American Society for Group Psychotherapy and Psychodrama (ASGPP) spawned by the work of Jacob Moreno in 1942 and the American Group Psychotherapy Association (AGPA) which results from the effort of Samuel Richard Slavson in 1943.
D. AACD and APA

Pg. 259

Answer 7

C. the American Society for Group Psychotherapy and Psychodrama (ASGPP) spawned by the work of Jacob Moreno in 1942 and the American Group Psychotherapy Association (AGPA) which results from the effort of Samuel Richard Slavson in 1943.

Question 8

405

Which theorist’s (or theorists’) work has been classified as a preface to the group movement?

A. Sigmund Freud
B. C. G. Jung
C. Alfred Adler & Jesse B. Davis
D. Marsha Linehan, who created dialetical behavior therapy (DBT), originally used to deal with suicidal behaviors.

Pg. 260

Answer 8

C. Alfred Adler & Jesse B. Davis

Question 9

406

Primary groups are ________.

A. preventative and attempt to ward off problems
B. always follow a person-centered paradigm
C. generally utilized for long-term psychotherapy
D. always focused on the client’s childhood

Pg. 260

Answer 9

A. preventative and attempt to ward off problems

Question 10

In a _______ group a problem or disturbance is present but not usually severe. This group works to reduce the severity or length of a problem and generally includes aspects of prevention. A grief or shyness group might fall into this category.

Pg. 261

Answer 10

secondary

Question 11

The ________ group deals more with individual difficulties that are more serious and longstanding.

Pg. 261

Answer 11

tertiary

Question 12

407

A group is classified as secondary. This implies that ________.

A. it is preventative and attempts to ward off problems
B. a difficulty or disturbance is present
C. two therapists are utilized
D. all of the above

Pg. 261

Answer 12

B. a difficulty or disturbance is present

Question 13

According to CACREP, a student should participate in a small group activity within the program for at least ___ clock hours during a given semester.

Pg. 261

Answer 13

10 hours

Question 14

408

When comparing a tertiary group with a primary or secondary group _______.

A. the tertiary group focuses less on individual members
B. the tertiary group focuses more on the here and now
C. the tertiary group is less likely to deal with severe pathology
D. the tertiary group is more likely to deal with severe pathology

Pg. 262

Answer 14

D. the tertiary group is more likely to deal with severe pathology

Question 15

409

Group norms _________.

A. exist only in encounter groups
B. exist only in career counseling groups
C. are not related to group cohesiveness
D. govern acceptable behavior and group rules

Pg. 262

Answer 15

D. govern acceptable behavior and group rules

Question 16

410

Group therapy initially flourished in the U.S. due to ________.

A. Freud’s lectures in this country
B. a shortage of competent career counselors
C. a shortage of individual therapists during WWII.
D. pressure from nondirective therapists pushing encounter groups

Pg. 263

Answer 16

C. a shortage of individual therapists during WWII.

Question 17

411

Group content refers to material discussed in a group setting. Group process refers to _________.

A. analysis of the unconscious
B. analysis of the ego
C. the T-group paradigm
D. the manner in which discussions and transactions occur

Pg. 263

Answer 17

D. the manner in which discussions and transactions occur

Question 18

412

Group cohesiveness refers to ________.

A. forces which tend to bind group members together
B. an analysis of group content
C. a common coleadership style
D. a style of leadership

Pg. 264

Answer 18

A. forces which tend to bind group members together

Question 19

The term “_________” is associated with Kurt Lewin’s “field theory” in which this term was seen as a binding force among group members.

Pg. 264

Answer 19

cohesiveness

Question 20

Lewin called the binding force between group members “___________”.

Pg. 264

Answer 20

positive valence

Question 21

When a group displays little or no cohesiveness the group will be viewed as “_________”.

Pg. 264

Answer 21

fragmented

Question 22

413

Some theorists feel that group therapy differs from group counseling (which is also called an interpersonal problem-solving group) in that __________.

A. group counseling would be of longer duration
B. group therapy, also dubbed as a personality reconstruction group, would be of longer duration
C. group counseling requires far more training
D. group therapy addresses a less-disturbed population of clients

Pg. 264

Answer 22

B. group therapy, also dubbed as a personality reconstruction group, would be of longer duration

Question 23

414

Most experts would agree that overall ________.

A. structured exercises are more effective than unstructured techniques
B. structured exercises are less effective than unstructured techniques
C. all well-trained therapists favor structured exercises over unstructured techniques
D. ethical guidelines must forbid unstructured techniques because they can be dangerous to the depressed or anxious client

Pg. 265

Answer 23

B. structured exercises are less effective than unstructured techniques

Question 24

415

One advantage of group work is that a counselor can see more clients in a given period of time. One disadvantage is that a counselor can be too focused on group processes and _________.

A. individual issues are not properly examined
B. the group becomes too behavioristic
C. a & b
D. the group focuses too much on content

Pg. 266

Answer 24

A. individual issues are not properly examined

Question 25

416

According to the risky shift phenomenon, a group decision will _________.

A. be less conservative than the average group member’s decision, prior to the group discussion
B. be more conservative than the average group member’s decision, prior to the group discussion
C. often be aggressive or illegal
D. violate the group’s confidentiality norms

Pg. 267

Answer 25

A. be less conservative than the average group member’s decision, prior to the group discussion

Question 26

417

T-groups often stress ways employees can express themselves in an effective manner. The “T” in T-groups merely stands for _________.

A. techniques
B. taxonomy
C. training
D. testing

Pg. 268

Answer 26

C. training

Question 27

418

A counselor suggests that her client join an assertiveness training group. Most assertiveness training groups are __________.

A. unstructured
B. psychodynamic or person-centered
C. focused heavily on existential concerns
D. behavioristic and highly structured

Pg. 268

Answer 27

D. behavioristic and highly structured

Question 28

419

Weight Watchers is a __________.

A. T-group, also called a training group
B. self-help or support group, as is AA
C. psychotherapy group
D. marathon group

Pg. 269

Answer 28

B. self-help or support group, as is AA

Question 29

A _________ group is conducted by an organization (ex: AA or Weight Watchers) and might charge fees.

Pg. 270

Answer 29

support

Question 30

A _________ group (say a group of neighbors getting together to brainstorm ways to clean up after a flood) would not have an official organization or charge fees.

Pg. 270

Answer 30

self-help

Question 31

420

The ACA and the ASGW division recommend screening for potential group members _________.

A. for all groups
B. only when the group is in a hospital inpatient setting
C. only when the group is composed of minors
D. only is the group deals with chemical dependency

Pg. 270

Answer 31

A. for all groups

Question 32

A ________ group is a long group that generally lasts a minimum of 24 hours and may be conducted over a weekend or a period of several days. This type of group plays on the theme that after an extended period of time defenses and facades will group and the person can become honest, genuine, and real. This paradigm is credited to Fredrick Stoller and George Bach, who created this idea in the 1960s.

Pg. 270

Answer 32

marathon

Question 33

421

A counselor is conducting a screening for clients who wish to participate in a counseling group which will meet Tuesday nights at his private office. Which client would most likely be the poorest choice for a group member?

A. a shy librarian
B. an anxious salesman with no group experience
C. an extremely hostile and belligerent construction worker
D. a student with 16 hours toward her M.ED in counseling

Pg. 271

Answer 33

C. an extremely hostile and belligerent construction worker

Question 34

Clients who are very verbal, open to feedback from others, and believe in group therapy often make ________ group members.

Pg. 271

Answer 34

excellent

Question 35

Hostile individuals who act out aggressively, persons who are actively suicidal or homicidal, paranoid clients, those who are totally self-centered, or psychotic individuals are typically ______ for most counseling groups.

Pg. 271

Answer 35

not appropriate

Question 36

422

A counselor is screening clients for a new group at the college counseling center. Which client would most likely be the poorest choice for a group member?

A. a first-year student who is suicidal and sociopathic
B. a second-year student who stutters
C. a graduate student with a facial tic
D. a fourth-year student with OCD tendencies

Pg. 272

Answer 36

A. a first-year student who is suicidal and sociopathic

Question 37

423

A screening for group members can be done in a group or privately. Although private screening interviews are not as cost effective or as time efficient as group screening, many group leaders feel that private screening sessions are superior _________.

A. because they intensify transference
B. because they encourage catharsis
C. because they intensify abreaction
D. in terms of counselor-client interaction

Pg. 272

Answer 37

D. in terms of counselor-client interaction

Question 38

424

Most experts in the field of group counseling would agree that the most important trait for group members is the ability _________.

A. to open up
B. to listen
C. to trust
D. to convey empathy

Pg. 273

Answer 38

C. to trust

Question 39

425

Groups can be open or closed. The two differ in that __________.

A. open groups are limited to hospital settings
B. in an open group, members can socialize between group meetings
C. closed groups always employ coleaders
D. closed group allow no new members after the group begins

Pg. 273

Answer 39

D. closed group allow no new members after the group begins

Question 40

426

One major advantage of a closed group vs. an open group is __________.

A. cost effectiveness
B. it promotes cohesiveness
C. it lessens counselor burnout
D. it allows the members to meet less frequently

Pg. 274

Answer 40

B. it promotes cohesiveness

Question 41

427

One major disadvantage of a closed group vs. an open group is that _________.

A. if everyone quits, you will be left with no group members
B. closed groups cannot provide depth therapy
C. it promotes paranoid feelings in group members
D. closed groups are much more structured

Pg. 274

Answer 41

A. if everyone quits, you will be left with no group members

Question 42

428

The number of people in an open group is generally _________.

A. more stable than in a closed group
B. much smaller after an extended period of time than in a closed group
C. significantly larger than in a closed group
D. more dependent on the group leader’s marketing skills than in a closed group

Pg. 274

Answer 42

A. more stable than in a closed group

Question 43

429

One distinct disadvantage of an open group is that _________.

A. new members are not accepted after the first meeting
B. the leader does not control the screening process
C. a member who begins after the first meeting has missed information or experiences
D. the group is generally too behavioristic for depth therapy to occur

Pg. 275

Answer 43

C. a member who begins after the first meeting has missed information or experiences

Question 44

430

When a group member is speaking, it is best for the counselor to _________.

A. try to face the group member
B. not face the group member, as this does not appear genuine in a group setting
C. smile while listening
D. suppress genuine emotion

Pg. 276

Answer 44

A. try to face the group member

Question 45

431

A group setting has a flexible seating arrangement in which clients are free to sit wherever they wish. In this setting it is likely that _________.

A. an African American client and a white leader would sit close together
B. a Latino/a client and an African American leader would sit close together
C. an Asian American client and an African American leader would sit close together
D. an Asian American leader and an Asian American client would sit close together

Pg. 276

Answer 45

D. an Asian American leader and an Asian American client would sit close together

Question 46

In a group where the members are very similar or alike the group composition displays __________.

Pg. 277

Answer 46

homogeneity

Question 47

A group has _________ when members are dissimilar.

Pg. 277

Answer 47

heterogeneity

Question 48

432

A group setting has a flexible seating arrangement in which clients are free to sit wherever they wish. In this setting it is likely that __________.

A. a male client in a designer suit and a female client in cutoff jeans will sit close together
B. a Cuban male client in a designer suit and an Asian male client in another brand of designer suit will sit close together
C. a white female client in a designer outfit and a white male client in a pair of old jeans and an undershirt will sit close together
D. a male client in a designer suit and a female client in a jogging suit and old tennis shoes with holes in them will sit close together

Pg. 277

Answer 48

B. a Cuban male client in a designer suit and an Asian male client in another brand of designer suit will sit close together

Question 49

Some evidence points to the fact that social class means more than ______ in terms of group setting.

Pg. 278

Answer 49

race

Question 50

433

Which statement made by a doctoral-level counselor is illustrative of a leader focused on process rather than product?

A. “Jim seems more relaxed today.”
B. “Sally seems a bit self-critical this evening.”
C. “I hear a lot of sadness in Betty’s voice.”
D. “You wince whenever Jane raises her voice.”

Pg. 278

Answer 50

D. “You wince whenever Jane raises her voice.”

All other choices focus primarily on the analysis of the client’s material or content.

Question 51

434

Which statement made by a group leader in a residential center for adolescents focuses on product rather than process?

A. “Ken has not stolen for a week and thus is eligible for supplementary tokens.”
B. “Karen looks down when Bill discusses relationships.”
C. “It sounds like there is a deep sense of hurt…”
D. “Oh, so you fold your arms and sort of close up when Carey mentions the angry side of your personality.”

Pg. 278

Answer 51

A. “Ken has not stolen for a week and thus is eligible for supplementary tokens.”

Question 52

435

Groups promote the concept of universality, which suggests that __________.

A. we are unique and so are our problems
B. there is a universal way to solve nearly any difficulty
C. a & b
D. we are not the only ones in the world with a given problem

Pg. 278

Answer 52

D. we are not the only ones in the world with a given problem

Question 53

436

In the late 1930s researchers identified three basic leadership styles:

A. directive, nondirective, and semi-passive
B. autocratic, democratic, and laissez faire
C. relaxed, anxious, and tense
D. assertive, nonassertive, and aggressive

Pg. 279

Answer 53

B. autocratic, democratic, and laissez faire

Question 54

The _________ leadership style involves the leader giving out orders, is authoritative, and is least liked.

Pg. 279

Answer 54

autocratic

Question 55

The __________ leadership style allows group members to do what they please without interference or direction.

Pg. 279

Answer 55

laissez faire

Question 56

The _________ leadership style is participative.

Pg. 279

Answer 56

democratic

Question 57

_______ leaders are distant but aggressive

Answer 57

impersonal

Question 58

________ leaders emotionally stimulate group members and are charismatic

Answer 58

energizers

Question 59

________ leaders exert executive control

Answer 59

managers

Question 60

________ leaders are very high in caring

Answer 60

providers

Question 61

________ leaders use their personal power, charisma, and attractiveness to foster facilitation

Answer 61

charismatic

Question 62

437

The autocratic or authoritarian leader may give orders to the group, while the laissez faire leader ________.

A. assigns a group member as the authoritarian
B. has a hands-off policy and participates very little, with the group basically taking responsibility for itself
C. has the most desirable style of leadership
D. nearly always run open-ended groups

Pg. 280

Answer 62

B. has a hands-off policy and participates very little, with the group basically taking responsibility for itself

Question 63

Effective leaders have discovered that modeling appropriate behaviors _______ group participation, even when the members are resistant.

Pg. 280

Answer 63

improves

Question 64

438

When comparing the autocratic, democratic, and laissez faire styles, _________.

A. the autocratic is the most desirable
B. the laissez faire is the most desirable
C. the democratic, or what Sam Gladding called the facilitator, is the most desirable
D. there is no discernible difference in effectiveness

Pg. 281

Answer 64

C. the democratic, or what Sam Gladding called the facilitator, is the most desirable

Keep in mind: The democratic style is NOT the most effective in every situation.

Question 65

439

A group with more than one leader is said to utilize coleaders. Coleadership is desirable because _______.

A. the group can go on even if one leader is absent
B. two leaders can focus on group dynamics better than one leader since two individuals will have better observational skills
C. leaders can process their feelings between sessions
D. all of the above

Pg. 281

Answer 65

D. all of the above

Question 66

440

Coleadership _________.

A. reduces burnout and helps ensure safety
B. increases burnout
C. has no impact on burnout
D. should not be used for open groups

Pg. 281

Answer 66

A. reduces burnout and helps ensure safety

Question 67

Many group leaders do in fact work _____ on their own.

Pg. 282

Answer 67

best

Question 68

Coleaders work best when each leader has a _______ philosophy and group style.

Pg. 282

Answer 68

similar

Question 69

It is generally accepts that it is best for coleaders to physically sit on _______ sides of the group.

Pg. 282

Answer 69

opposite

Question 70

441

Coleadership __________.

A. is helpful when one leader is experiencing countertransference
B. exacerbates the harm of countertransference
C. has no impact on the issue of countertransference
D. eliminates all difficulties associated with countertransference

Pg. 282

Answer 70

A. is helpful when one leader is experiencing countertransference

Question 71

442

Coleadership, also referred to as cofacilitation, can be a disadvantage when __________.

A. leaders are working against each other; this can fragment the group
B. leaders are intimate with each other
C. leaders question each other’s competence
D. all of the above

Pg. 282

Answer 71

D. all of the above

Question 72

It is generally accepts that is there are problems between coleaders, it is best if such difficulties are _________________________________.

Pg. 282

Answer 72

aired in a format that models effective conflict resolution during the session rather than “pretending everything is wonderful.”

Question 73

443

Coleaders are apt to work at cross purposes when ________.

A. they do not meet between group sessions
B. they do meet between group sessions
C. they are master’s-level practitioners
D. they are doctoral-level practitioners

Pg. 283

Answer 73

A. they do not meet between group sessions

Question 74

444

Gerald Corey, who has written extensively on group therapy, believes _________ is necessary for an effective group leader.

A. a master’s degree in guidance and counseling
B. a doctorate in counselor education
C. participation in a therapeutic group and participation in a leader’s group (even if the individual is well-educated and is licensed and certified)
D. three credit hours in a graduate course in group therapy

Pg. 283

Answer 74

C. participation in a therapeutic group and participation in a leader’s group (even if the individual is well-educated and is licensed and certified)

Question 75

445

Most experts would agree that an effective adult counseling group has _______ members.

A. 9 to 12
B. 3 to 5
C. 11 to 16
D. 5 or 6 to 8

Pg. 284

Answer 75

D. 5 or 6 to 8

NOTE: The younger the age the fewer the members.

Question 76

446

Most experts would agree that an effective counseling group for children has ________.

A. more members than an adult group
B. less members than an adult group
C. at least two group leaders
D. 9 to 12 members

Pg. 284

Answer 76

B. less members than an adult group

3-4 children is usually recommended.

Question 77

447

Although the length of group counseling sessions will vary, most experts would agree that _______ is plenty of time even when critical issues are being examined.

A. 3 hours per session
B. 1 hout per session
C. 6 hours per session
D. 2 hours per session

Pg. 284

Answer 77

D. 2 hours per session

1.5-2 hours is sufficient for an adult group

Children require a shorter session due to having a shorter attention span, therefore, it’s best to have group more frequently.

Question 78

448

In terms of group risks ________.

A. an ethical leader will discuss them during the initial session with a client.
B. an ethical leader should never discuss risks with a client
C. research has demonstrated that the less said about them, the better the group will interact
D. an ethical leader allows the group to discover risks and work through them at their own pace

Pg. 285

Answer 78

A. an ethical leader will discuss them during the initial session with a client.

Question 79

Although group confidentiality is desirable, leaders should inform participants that they ________ confidentiality.

Pg. 285

Answer 79

cannot guarantee

Question 80

449

An adept group leader will ________.

A. attempt to safeguard client against risks
B. work to reduce risks and dangers
C. a & b
D. let the group handle the dangers on their own

Pg. 285

Answer 80

C. a & b

Question 81

Ideally, _________ occurs during screening before the initial group session, although in the real world this is not always possible.

Pg. 285

Answer 81

informed consent

Question 82

450

A group participant wants to drop out of a group. Since the group is “closed” most experts would agree that ________.

A. the leader must insist that the client stay
B. the client is allowed to withdraw
C. the leader should allow other members to put pressure on the participant to stay.
D. a & c

Pg. 286

Answer 82

B. the client is allowed to withdraw

Question 83

When a client is required to go to counseling or therapy it is known as “___________”.

Pg. 286

Answer 83

mandatory treatment

Question 84

When a client is referred for treatment and is not enthusiastic about the intervention, the term _________ is usually applied.

Pg. 286

Answer 84

reluctant client

Question 85

451

During the initial session of a group the leader explains that no smoking and no cursing will be permitted. This is known as ________.

A. setting ground rules
B. ambivalent transference
C. blocking
D. scapegoating

Pg. 286

Answer 85

A. setting ground rules

Question 86

The term __________ is a psychoanalytic notion often thrown out in multicultural circles which suggest that a client will treat a therapist with ambivalence, as they would any person viewed as an authority figure.

Pg. 286

Answer 86

ambivalent transference

Question 87

________ is a term often used in group work. It occurs when a leader uses an intervention to stop a negative or counterproductive behavior which could hurt another member or the group.

Pg. 287

Answer 87

blocking

Question 88

In ________, group members gang up on a single group member.

Pg. 287

Answer 88

scapegoating

Question 89

452

Group norms refer to ________.

A. a statistically normal group composed of 8-12 members
B. a statistically normal group composed of 12-14 members
C. a normal group with no cultural differences
D. the range of acceptable behavior within the group

Pg. 287

Answer 89

D. the range of acceptable behavior within the group

Question 90

453

The study of group operations is often called ________.

A. group desensitization
B. the hot seat technique
C. group dynamics
D. structuring the group

Pg. 287

Answer 90

C. group dynamics

Question 91

Group stages, cohesiveness, leadership style, and decision making are prime examples of __________.

Pg. 287

Answer 91

group dynamics

Question 92

The term “__________” was popularized by Fritz Perl’s gestalt therapy groups. A person who is the target of the therapist’s interventions in the here and now is said to be on the “_________”.

Pg. 287

Answer 92

hot seat; hot seat

Question 93

The term _________ refers to a group that focuses on a given theme, such as a group for veterans.

Pg. 287

Answer 93

structured group

Note: this is NOT the same as group structure.

Question 94

454

The word dynamic means the group is ________.

A. normal
B. always changing
C. static
D. defined in an operational manner

Pg. 288

Answer 94

B. always changing

Question 95

455

Experts firmly believe that a common weakness in many groups is ________.

A. setting too many goals
B. using a male and a female coleader
C. that the leader uses a democratic style
D. a lack of goal setting

Pg. 288

Answer 95

D. a lack of goal setting

Question 96

456

A group leader who utilizes an abundance of group exercises is ________.

A. probably not running an assertiveness training group
B. is running an unstructured group
C. is running a structured group
D. is invariably running a self-help group

Pg. 289

Answer 96

C. is running a structured group

Question 97

457

Some theorists object to the word “unstructured” in group work because __________.

A. a group cannot not have structure
B. only structured groups are effective
C. unstructured groups are hardly therapeutic
D. unstructured refers only to counseling and not to therapy groups

Pg. 289

Answer 97

A. a group cannot not have structure

Question 98

458

Some research demonstrates that __________.

A. structured exercises early in the group impaired later communication between group members
B. structured exercises with feedback early in the group served to improve communication between group members
C. autocratic of authoritarian leadership styles promote communication best
D. structured exercises are never appropriate

Pg. 289

Answer 98

B. structured exercises with feedback early in the group served to improve communication between group members

Question 99

459

In some literature, group cohesiveness, or “we-ness,” is known as _________.

A. group unity
B. a sociogram
C. Karpman’s triangle
D. the transition stage

Pg. 290

Answer 99

A. group unity

Question 100

A ________ is simply a pictorial account of a group which serves to diagram member interaction.

Pg. 290

Answer 100

sociogram

Question 101

460

Group members assume roles within a group. Which of the following is not a group role?

A. Energizer
B. Scapegoat
C. Gatekeeper
D. Reactive schizophrenia

Pg. 290

Answer 101

D. Reactive schizophrenia

Question 102

461

A group member who insists on asking other members inappropriate questions is known as a Peeping Tom or _________.

A. an energizer
B. a scapegoat
C. an interrogator
D. a follower

Pg. 291

Answer 102

C. an interrogator

Question 103

“_________”, or constipation of emotions, is seen as the opposite of excitation.

Pg. 292

Answer 103

inhibition

Question 104

463

The _________ may secretly wish that they were running the group.

A. follower
B. gatekeeper
C. social isolate
D. harmonizer

Pg. 292

Answer 104

B. gatekeeper

Question 105

464

Everybody picks on __________.

A. the gatekeeper
B. the harmonizer, also known as the conciliator
C. the scapegoat
D. the storyteller, the intellectualizer, the attacker, and the joker

Pg. 292

Answer 105

C. the scapegoat

Question 106

465

A female group member is obviously not participating. A group member playing the ________ is most likely to mention this and urge her to participate.

A. gatekeeper
B. interrogator
C. scapegoat
D. storyteller

Pg. 292

Answer 106

A. gatekeeper

Question 107

The “________” is ignored by others. They generally feel afraid to reach out or do reach out and are genuinely rejected. This is not the same as scapegoats because scapegoats receive attention, although it is not overwhelmingly positive. A person in this role receives little to no attention.

Pg. 293

Answer 107

isolate role

Question 108

466

Cohesiveness, or group unity, is desirable. It promotes bonding and a sense of “we-ness” between group members. When cohesiveness is strong, nevertheless, it also can be negative as __________.

A. it can stunt creativity
B. it can boost conformity
C. a & b
D. it can cause the group to split into factions

Pg. 293

Answer 108

C. a & b

Question 109

467

In a healthy group, members _________.

A. assume a role and never change it
B. have no roles
C. are flexible and can change roles
D. spend a great deal of time practicing role reversal

Pg. 293

Answer 109

C. are flexible and can change roles

Question 110

468

In a group, task roles _________.

A. help solve problems
B. aid in terms of goal setting and keep the group focused
C. are seen as positive
D. all of the above

Pg. 294

Answer 110

D. all of the above

Question 111

If you have a group of very immature participants, then the so-called _____________ is recommended. Here the leader tells members what to do and does not emphasize relationships among members.

Pg. 295

Answer 111

“Situational Leadership Style”

Question 112

An entire group could be classified as a __________. A group of this nature focuses on accomplishing work goals. An athletic team and/or a quality-circle-employee-run group attempting to improve a business.

Pg. 294

Answer 112

task/work group.

Question 113

469

Maintenance roles, like task roles, are positive since such roles _________.

A. help to maintain the group
B. are self-serving
C. help promote autocratic leadership
D. always stress the importance of the here and now

Pg. 295

Answer 113

A. help to maintain the group

Question 114

_________ really implies that the role maintains group interaction. These roles support the group’s livelihood and hence are seen as positive.

Pg. 295

Answer 114

Maintenance

Question 115

The words ________ & __________ could refer to either a group member’s role or the leader’s behavior.

Pg. 295

Answer 115

task & maintenance

Question 116

Conflict between group members can often be resolved by having the leader prescribe a _____ on which all the members must work together in order to accomplish it.

Pg. 295

Answer 116

task

Question 117

470

Self-serving or individual roles are negative inasmuch as __________.

A. they promote democratic leadership
B. they work against the group
C. they serve the individual and not the group
D. b & c

Pg. 296

Answer 117

D. b & c

Question 118

471

Although task roles and maintenance roles are indeed positive, the group can suffer if the group is not flexible and remains in one or the other role too long since ________.

A. an effective group needs some self-serving roles
B. is a group gets stuck in task roles, interaction suffers
C. if a group gets stuck in maintenance roles, little work (or tasks) will be accomplished
D. b & c

Pg. 296

Answer 118

D. b & c

Question 119

472

Group specialists define role conflict as _________.

A. tension between two group members who have assumed different roles
B. a situation in which there is a discrepancy between the way a member is expected to behave and the way they actually behave
C. tension between the group leader and a group member
D. member criticizing other members between group sessions

Pg. 296

Answer 119

B. a situation in which there is a discrepancy between the way a member is expected to behave and the way they actually behave

Question 120

472

Group specialists define role conflict as _________.

A. tension between two group members who have assumed different roles
B. a situation in which there is a discrepancy between the way a member is expected to behave and the way they actually behave
C. tension between the group leader and a group member
D. members criticizing other members between group sessions

Pg. 296

Answer 120

B. a situation in which there is a discrepancy between the way a member is expected to behave and the way they actually behave

Question 121

473

A major group dynamic is group development. This is usually expressed in terms of ________.

A. the number of hours of group conflict
B. theories of group stages
C. the Rosenthal effect
D. the Hawthorne effect

Pg. 297

Answer 121

B. theories of group stages

Question 122

The four stages of group therapy are

A. forming, storming, norming, performing, termination
B. storming, forming, performing, norming, termination
C. norming, performing, forming, storming, termination
D. termination, forming, performing, storming, norming

Pg. 297

Answer 122

A. forming, storming, norming, performing, termination

Question 123

474

Irvin Yalom is a famous existentialist therapist and a pioneer in the group movement. He suggested these four group stages: orientation, conflict, cohesion, and termination. In 1977 Tuckman and Jensen reviewed 25 years of research and came up with five stages: forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. Which stage in Tuckman and Jensen’s paradigm is similar to Yalom’s orientation stage?

A. forming
B. storming
C. norming
D. performing

Pg. 297

Answer 123

A. forming

Question 124

475

The final stage suggested by theories of group stages generally deals with issues of __________.

A. group tasks
B. transition
C. power and control
D. separation and termination

Pg. 298

Answer 124

D. separation and termination

Question 125

476

The initial group stage has been called forming, orientation, or the preaffiliation stage. This stage is characterized by ________.

A. avoidance-avoidance conflicts
B. a tendency for members to compete with the leader for power
C. approach-avoidance behavior
D. members working on the interpretation of unconscious behavior

Pg. 298

Answer 125

C. approach-avoidance behavior

Question 126

477

A client would generally feel the most suspicious of others in ________.

A. the final stage of separation or termination
B. the intimacy stage
C. the group formation/exploratory stage
D. a group with coleadership, also known as cofacilitation

Pg. 299

Answer 126

C. the group formation/exploratory stage

Question 127

478

Fights between subgroups and members showing rebellion against the leader generally occur in ________.

A. the second stage known as the control stage or the transition stage
B. the first stage known as the orientation stage or formation stage
C. the separation stage
D. the intimacy stage

Pg. 299

Answer 127

A. the second stage known as the control stage or the transition stage

Question 128

479

A hierarchy, or pecking order, among members occurs in ________.

A. the stage of storming, also known as the power-control stage
B. the orientation stage
C. the separation stage
D. the intimacy stage

Pg. 300

Answer 128

A. the stage of storming, also known as the power-control stage

Question 129

480

Group planning occurs ________.

A. in the initial stage
B. in the stage after the transition or conflict stage
C. in the final stage, also known as the termination stage
D. before the group begins and continues throughout the life of the group

Pg. 300

Answer 129

D. before the group begins and continues throughout the life of the group

Question 130

The term “____________” has been used to describe the process of obtaining information to determine whether a group is the most desirable form of treatment and, if it is, to decide the exact nature of the group experience. The counselor needs to look at demographics, community needs, and social considerations.

Pg. 300

Answer 130

ecological planning

Question 131

Planning for a _______ can include ____ steps:

1. whether to use a single facilitator or coleadership
2. an assessment of the best surroundings
3. how the group will receive funding or payment
4. whether a marketing or recruitment strategy is necessary
5. what information can be useful from books, journals, or the internet
6. how the clients will be screened and prepared for the group
7. providing clients with informed consent documents

Pg. 300

Answer 131

group; 7

Question 132

481

The final group stage (also called the termination stage) is geared toward __________

A. developing intimacy
B. working through power and control issues
C. exploration
D. breaking away

PG. 301

Answer 132

D. breaking away

Question 133

Every group _________ necessarily pass through every stage and that there is not always a clear-cut discernible line of demarcation separating one group stage from another.

Pg. 301

Answer 133

does not

Question 134

482

A group therapist is constructing a diagram to better understand the dynamics between subgroups and members. This is called _________.

A. sculpturing
B. ego state analysis
C. charting a pictorial sociogram
D. charting the variance

Pg. 301

Answer 134

C. charting a pictorial sociogram

Question 135

483

A group leader who asks each group member to recapitulate what they have learned during a session is promoting __________.

A. summarization, the act of briefly stating what has transpired or discussed
B. clarification, the act of making certain that the leader and the group truly understand the key factors related to what a member is attempting to communicate
C. blocking, the act of putting a halt to a group member’s actions that might have a negative impact on other group members
D. linking, the act of pointing out similarities between clients

Pg. 302

Answer 135

A. summarization, the act of briefly stating what has transpired or discussed

Question 136

484

A leader who wishes to stop inappropriate discussion should rely on _________.

A. summarization
B. clarification
C. blocking
D. linking

Pg. 302

Answer 136

C. blocking

Question 137

When a leader allows each group member to weigh in on a given topic that is referred to as “_________”.

Pg. 303

Answer 137

“making the rounds”

Question 138

485

When a leader attempts to relate one person’s predicament to another person’s predicament, it is known as _________.

A. summarization
B. clarification
C. blocking
D. linking

Pg. 303

Answer 138

D. linking

Question 139

486

Strategies that approach the group as a whole are known as ________.

A. vertical interventions
B. horizontal interventions
C. crossed transactions
D. parallel transactions

Pg. 303

Answer 139

B. horizontal interventions

Question 140

________ leaders favor here-and-now interventions.

Pg. 304

Answer 140

interpersonal leaders

Question 141

________ leaders are more likely to work on the past, sometimes employing psychodynamic notions.

Pg. 304

Answer 141

intrapersonal leaders

Question 142

487

Strategies that focus on an individual member of the group are known as _________.

A. vertical interventions
B. horizontal interventions
C. crossed transactions
D. parallel transactions

Pg. 304

Answer 142

A. vertical interventions

Question 143

488

A group therapist must make ________.

A. fewer decisions than an individual therapist
B. the same number of decisions as an individual therapist
C. modality changes for each group
D. more decisions than an individual therapist

Pg. 304

Answer 143

D. more decisions than an individual therapist

Question 144

489

When a counselor reads the journals in this field, it becomes evident that ________.

A. group counseling has more research than individual counseling
B. researchers and practitioners are working very closely to provide accurate and effective group strategies
C. a researcher/practitioner split exists in group work
D. no journals focus solely on group work

Pg. 305

Answer 144

C. a researcher/practitioner split exists in group work

Question 145

490

Experts predict that in the future ________.

A. group leaders will be more like life-skills trainers
B. group leaders will become more person-centered
C. group leaders will return to a psychodynamic viewpoint
D. groups will lose their popularity and eventually die out

Pg. 305

Answer 145

A. group leaders will be more like life-skills trainers

Question 146

491

According to researchers, groups are effective ________.

A. although researchers cannot pinpoint precisely why this is true
B. due to increased transference in group work
C. due to better morale in a group setting
D. due to the emphasis on cognitive restructuring

Pg. 306

Answer 146

A. although researchers cannot pinpoint precisely why this is true

Question 147

492

A major limitation related to group work is that ________.

A. REBT cannot be utilized in group therapy
B. it is not really cost effective
C. gestalt therapy cannot be used in a group setting
D. a group leader can lose control and members could experience emotional harm

Pg. 306

Answer 147

D. a group leader can lose control and members could experience emotional harm

Question 148

This statement is a _________.

A client may need individual therapy before they can benefit from group work.

Pg. 306

Answer 148

limitation of group work

Question 149

This statement is a _________.

That a client may not be capable of trusting others enough to reveal key material since they fear others may find it unacceptable.

Pg. 306

Answer 149

limitation of group work

Question 150

This statement is a _________.

The group could become a substitute experience for the real world.

Pg. 306

Answer 150

limitation of group work

Question 151

This statement is a _________.

The group counselor may not be as effective with a whole group of people as they are with just one personal individual treatment.

Pg. 306

Answer 151

limitation of group work

Question 152

This statement is a _________.

Some clients may feel pressure to replace their personal norms with those of the group.

Pg. 306

Answer 152

limitation of group work

Question 153

This statement is a _________.

Disappointment can set in if the group is not helpful and the person loses faith in treatment without experiencing individual sessions.

Pg. 306

Answer 153

limitation of group work

Question 154

493

A major advantage of group work vs. individual work is that ________.

A. members learn to give help in addition to receiving it and group sessions generally cost less (i.e., they are more economical) than individual counseling sessions.
B. the leader has a less complex role than that of an individual counselor.
C. the group leader nearly always possesses more training than an individual counselor.
D. all of the above.

Pg. 307

Answer 154

A. members learn to give help in addition to receiving it and group sessions generally cost less (i.e., they are more economical) than individual counseling sessions.

Question 155

494

Which statement best depicts a major advantage of group work?

A. group work usually focuses on the here and now
B. group work is always time limited
C. group work is always superior for career counseling
D. the group setting is somewhat analogous to the communication and interaction of everyday life

Pg. 308

Answer 155

D. the group setting is somewhat analogous to the communication and interaction of everyday life

Question 156

There is no body of research which would say that in general group work is ________ to other forms of treatment.

Pg. 308

Answer 156

superior

Question 157

495

Which of these factors is NOT delineated by Irvin Yalom as a curative factor?

A. altruism, universality, and existential learning
B. manifest dream content and insight into the unconscious mind
C. catharsis, cohesiveness, and instillation of hope
D. imitative behavior and reenactment of family experiences

Pg. 308

Answer 157

B. manifest dream content and insight into the unconscious mind

Question 158

496

In terms of research and the group leader’s personality, ________.

A. extroverts are the most effective leaders
B. introverts are the most effective leaders
C. qualities such as flexibility, enthusiasm, and common sense may be helpful to a very small degree
D. qualities such as flexibility, enthusiasm, and common sense have a tremendous positive impact

Pg. 309

Answer 158

C. qualities such as flexibility, enthusiasm, and common sense may be helpful to a very small degree

Question 159

497

R. K. Conyne suggested that group intervention is intended to _________.

A. ferret out unconscious material
B. enhance rational self-talk
C. illuminate dysfunctional nonverbal behavior
D. prevent, correct, or enhance behavior

Pg. 309

Answer 159

D. prevent, correct, or enhance behavior

Question 160

498

A group leader who wishes to assess the impact of the group ideally would ________.

A. hand out a written evaluation form during the final session
B. hold a follow-up session so members can share experiences
C. have an outside “observer” sit in during group sessions and consequently rate the level of behavioral change
D. give each member a pretest and a posttest utilizing a projective measure

Pg. 309

Answer 160

C. have an outside “observer” sit in during group sessions and consequently rate the level of behavioral change

Question 161

499

A group leader who is counseling children under 10 years of age could best enhance the treatment process by ________.

A. involving parents and asking them for input
B. keeping parents uninvolved
C. reminding the children to speak softly at all times
D. b & c

Pg. 310

Answer 161

A. involving parents and asking them for input

Question 162

500

When an adolescent complains about his or her parents in the group it is best to ________.

A. jump on the bandwagon and agree with the child
B. avoid taking sides but help them see the parents’ point of view via a therapeutic technique such as role-playing
C. talk only about positive experiences
D. immediately put the child on the hot seat

Pg. 310

Answer 162

B. avoid taking sides but help them see the parents’ point of view via a therapeutic technique such as role-playing