growth and development

Question 1

used to denote an increase in physical size
or a quantitative change

Answer 1

GROWTH

Question 2

used to indicate an increase in skill or the
ability to function; a qualitative change
* can be measured by observing a child’s
ability to perform specific tasks

Answer 2

DEVELOPMENT

Question 3

head-to-tail, direction, and reflect the physical development and maturation
of neuromuscular function.

Answer 3

Cephalocaudal

Question 3

growth rate of neonate

Answer 3

most rapid (1st 28 days of life)

Question 3

Near-to far, direction (midline to periphery). In the infant, shoulder Control
precedes mastery of the hands, the entire hand is used as a unit before the
fingers can be manipulated.

Answer 3

Proximodistal

Question 3

development from simple operations to more complex activities and
functions.

Answer 3

differentiation

Question 3

PRINCIPLES OF GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT

Answer 3

Process that is continuous
Elevation of skills from gross to fine motor
Development from proximal to distal
It needs an optimum time for initiation of learning experiences
A must to proceed in an orderly sequence
To follow a predictable & definite pattern
Requires practice to learn behavior & skills
It is cephalocaudal
Can develop when neonatal reflexes disappear
Systems in the body don’t develop at the same rate

Question 4

growth rate of toddler

Answer 4

Slow (1-3 y.o)

Question 4

growth rate of presschooler

Answer 4

alternating

Question 4

growth rate of schooler

Answer 4

slower

Question 4

Weight: doubles by 5 or 6 months; triples by 1 year

Answer 4

infant

Question 4

Teeth: erupt by 6 months; has 6-8 deciduous teeth by 1
year of age

Answer 4

infant

Question 4

Weight: Gains 8 oz or more a month from 1 to 2 years;
Gains 3 to 5 lbs a year from 2 to 3 years of age

Answer 4

toddler

Question 5

growth rate of adolescent

Answer 5

rapid

Question 5

Height: increase of 1 ft by 1 year of age

Answer 5

infant

Question 6

Height: grows 3-5 inches from 1-2 years of age; from 2-3
years, grows 2-2.5 inches per year

Answer 6

toddler

Question 7

Teeth: has 20 deciduous teeth by 3 years

Answer 7

toddler

Question 8

Weight: gains 3-5 lbs a year

Answer 8

preschool and school

Question 9

Height: grows 1.5-2.5 inches a year

Answer 9

preschool and school

Question 10

The nurse observes that during feeding the newborn looks at the mother’s face and holds
her finger. According to Piaget, these observations indicate the child is in which phase of
development

Answer 10

Sensorimotor

Question 11

The nurse is caring for a toddler who has recently turned 2 years old. Of the following behav
iors by the toddler, which would indicate the toddler is attempting to become autonomous?
The toddler

Answer 11

walks alone around the room.

Question 12

Oral Stage/ Phase nursing intervention

Answer 12

*Provide oral stimulation by giving pacifiers.

Question 13

Anal Stage NI

Answer 13

Help children achieve bowel and bladder control undue emphasis on shame

Question 14

phallic stage NI

Answer 14

Accept children’s sexual interest, such as fondling their own genitals, as a normal area of
exploration. Help parents answer child’s questions about birth or sexual differences.

Question 15

Latency Stage (NI)

Answer 15

*Help children have positive experiences with learning so their self-esteem continues to grow and they can prepare for the conflicts of adolescence.

Question 16

Genital Stage (NI)

Answer 16

*Provide appropriate opportunities for the child to relate with opposite sex; allow to child to verbalize feelings about new relationships.

Question 17

Trust vs Mistrust (NI)

Answer 17

Provide a primary caregiver.  Provide experiences that add security, such as soft sounds and touch.  Provide visual stimulation for active child involvement.

Question 18

Autonomy vs Shame & Doubt (NI)

Answer 18

 Provide opportunities for decision making, such as offering choices of clothes to wear or toys to play with. Praise for ability to make decisions rather than judging correctness of decision.

Question 19

Initiative vs Guilt (NI)

Answer 19

Provide opportunities for exploring new places or activities. Allow play to include activities involving water, clay for modeling), or finger paint.

Question 20

Industry vs Inferiority (NI)

Answer 20

Provide opportunities such as allowing child to assemble and complete a short project so that child feels rewarded for the accomplishment.

Question 21

identity vs Role confusion (NI)

Answer 21

Provide opportunities for adolescent to discuss feelings about events important to him or her. Offer support and praise for decision making.

Question 22

Intimacy is the ability to relate well with other people, not only with members of the opposite sex but also with one’s own sex to form long-lasting friendships.

Answer 22

Intimacy vs Isolation

Question 23

People extend their concern from just themselves and their families to the community and the world.

Answer 23

Generativity vs Stagnation

Question 24

People with a sense of _____-- are self-confident and better able to juggle their various lives

Answer 24

generativity

Question 25

Older adults with ______ feel good about the life choices they have made;

Answer 25

INTEGRITY

Question 26

those with a feeling of _____ wish life could begin over again so that things could turn out differently.

Answer 26

DESPAIR

Question 27

refer to activities related to a child’s own body

Answer 27

*“primary”

Question 28

refers to activities that are separate from a child’s body

Answer 28

secondary

Question 29

to show that repetition of behavior occurs

Answer 29

circulatory reaction

Question 30

Stimuli are assimilated into beginning mental images. Behavior entirely reflective

Answer 30

Neonatal Reflex

Question 31

Hand-mouth and ear-eye coordination develop. Enjoyable activity: a rattle or tape of parent’s voice

Answer 31

Primary Circular Reaction

Question 32

Infant learns to initiate, recognize and repeat pleasurable experiences from environment. Good toy: mirror; Good game: peek-a-boo

Answer 32

Secondary Circular Reaction

Question 33

INfant can plan activities to attain specific goals. Good toy: nesting toys (colored boxes)

Answer 33

Coordination of Secondary Reaction

Question 34

Child is able to experiment to discover new properties of objects and events. Good game: throw and retrieve

Answer 34

Tertiary Circular Reaction

Question 35

Transitional phase to preoperational thought period. Good toys: those with several uses (blocks, colored plastic rings)

Answer 35

Invention of new means through mental combinations

Question 36

child in this phase of development is egocentric

Answer 36

Preoperational Phase (Ages 2–7 Years)

Question 37

child has no concept of quantity; if it looks like more, it is more sense of time is not yet developed

Answer 37

Preoperational Phase (Ages 2–7 Years)

Question 38

children are able to use symbols to represent objects.

Answer 38

Preoperational Phase (Ages 2–7 Years)

Question 39

Toddlers draw conclusions only from obvious facts they see

Answer 39

Preoperational Phase (Ages 2–7 Years)

Question 40

Good toy for this period: items that require imagination, such as modeling clay

Answer 40

Preoperational Phase (Ages 2–7 Years)

Question 41

children develop the ability to begin problem solving in a concrete, systematic way.

Answer 41

Concrete Operations (Ages 7–11 Years)

Question 42

Concrete Operations (Ages 7–11 Years) (NI)

Answer 42

Good activity for this period: collecting and classifying natural objects such as native plants, sea shells, etc.

Question 43

Formal Operations (Ages 12–15 Years) (NI)

Answer 43

*Good activity for this period: “talk time” to sort through attitudes and opinions.

Question 44

1.OBEDIENCE & PUNISHMENT ORIENTATION 2.INDIVIDUALISM & EXCHANGE

Answer 44

PRE CONVENTIONAL

Question 45

FOLLOWS RULES SET BY THOSE IN AUTHORITY ADJUST BEHAVIOR AC CORDING TO GOOD/ BAD & RIGHT/WRONG

Answer 45

PRE CONVENTIONAL

Question 46

GOOD INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS 4. MAINTAINS SOCIAL ORDER

Answer 46

CONVENTIONAL

Question 47

SEEKS CONFORMITY & LOYALTY * FOLLOWS RULES *MAINTAINS SOCIAL ORDER

Answer 47

CONVENTIONAL

Question 48

SOCIAL CONTRACT & IN DIVIDUAL RIGHTS 6. UNIVERSAL PRINCIPLES

Answer 48

POST CONVENTIONAL

Question 49

*CONSTRUCTS A PERSONAL & FUNCTIONAL VALUE SYSTEM INDE PENDENT OF AUTHORITY FIGURES & PEERS

Answer 49

POST CONVENTIONAL

Question 50

Refers to the totality of being a person which includes all aspects of the human being that relate specifically to being a boy or a girl, a man or a woman

Answer 50

SEXUALITY

Question 51

SEXUALITY Nursing Responsibilities (FACES)

Answer 51

Factual and accurate information Appropriate language for explanations Correct terminology to dispel misconceptions Ensure cultural sensitivity and respect local beliefs Support open communication with parents

Question 52

SELF-CONCEPT

Answer 52

a subject sense of self and complex mixture of unconscious and conscious thoughts, attitudes and perception a positive self concept gives a sense of meaning, wholeness, consistency healthy self concept has a high degree of stability a nd generates positive feeling towards the self self esteem is closely related