Growth and Development

Question 1

Irreversible increase in mass due to division and enlargement of cells

Answer 1

Growth

Question 2

Plant grows, stops growing and dies in one season

Answer 2

Determinate growth

Question 3

Plant or parts of plant grow and continue to be active for several to many years

Answer 3

Indeterminate growth

Question 4

Cells develop different forms adapted to specific functions

Answer 4

Differentiation

Question 5

Coordination of growth and differentiation of a single cell into tissues and organs

Answer 5

Development

Question 6

Furnish elements and energy for plant growth and maintenance

Answer 6

Nutrients

Question 7

Nutrients are obtained from ?

Answer 7

air and soil

Question 8

Organic molecules that participate in catalyzed reactions, mostly by functioning as electronacceptors or donor

Answer 8

Vitamins

Question 9

Production dictated by genes

Answer 9

Hormones

Question 10

can be used to measure hormone concentrations

Answer 10

Bioassays

Question 11

occurs mainly in apical meristems, buds, young leaves and actively growing parts of plants

Answer 11

Auxin

Question 12

Promotes thicker, stronger flower stalks

Answer 12

Gibberellins

Question 13

Stimulants to cell division

Answer 13

Cytokinins

Question 14

Has inhibitory effect on stimulatory effects of other hormones

Answer 14

Abscisic Acid (ABA)

Question 15

• Produced by fruits, flowers, seeds, leaves and roots
• Produced from amino acid methionine
• Can trigger its own production

Answer 15

Ethylene

Question 16

Released from cell walls by enzymes - Influence cell differentiation, reproduction, and growth in plants

Answer 16

Oligosaccharins

Question 17

Bind to receptors on cell surfaces. Affect apical dominance, gravitropism, seed germination

Answer 17

Brassinosteroids

Question 18

Suppression of growth of lateral (axillary) buds

Answer 18

Apical dominance

Question 19

Breakdown of cell components and membranes, eventually leading to death of cell

Answer 19

Senescence

Question 20

Result from varying growth rates in different parts of an organ

Answer 20

Growth movements

Question 21

Spiraling movements not visible to eye

Answer 21

Nutations

Question 22

Side-to-side oscillations

Answer 22

Nodding movements

Question 23

Visible spiraling in growth

Answer 23

Twining movements

Question 24

Non-directional movements

Answer 24

Nastic movements

Question 25

Permanent downward bending

Answer 25

Epinasty

Question 26

Permanent movements resulting from external stimuli

Answer 26

Tropisms

Question 27

Organ receives greater stimulus on one side

Answer 27

Initial perception

Question 28

One or more hormones become(s) unevenly distributed across organ

Answer 28

Transduction

Question 29

Result of greater cell elongation on one side

Answer 29

Asymmetric growth

Question 30

Growth movement toward (+) or away (-) from light

Answer 30

Phototropism

Question 31

Growth responses to stimulus of gravity

Answer 31

Gravitropism

Question 32

Positively gravitropic

Answer 32

Primary roots

Question 33

Negatively gravitropicUsed to negate the effects of gravity. A chamber in which seedlings are grown.

Answer 33

Clinostat

Question 34

Contact with solid object

Answer 34

Thigmotropism

Question 35

Tropism that is affected by chemicals

Answer 35

Chemotropism

Question 36

Tropism that is affected by temperature

Answer 36

Thermotropism

Question 37

Tropism that is affected by Wounding

Answer 37

Traumotropism

Question 38

Tropism that is affected by Electricity

Answer 38

Electrotropism

Question 39

Tropism that is affected by Dark

Answer 39

Skototropism

Question 40

Tropism that is affected by Oxygen

Answer 40

Aerotropism

Question 41

Result from changes in internal water pressures and often initiated by contact with objects outside of plant

Answer 41

Turgor movements

Question 42

Special swellings at base of leaf

Answer 42

Pulvini

Question 43

Leaves often twist on their petioles in response to illumination and become perpendicularly oriented to light source

Answer 43

Heliotropism (Solar tracking)

Question 44

Movement that involves entire plant or reproductive cell

Answer 44

Taxes (taxic movement)

Question 45

Length of day (night) directly related to onset of flowering

Answer 45

Photoperiodism

Question 46

Will not flower unless day length is shorter than a critical period

Answer 46

Short-day plants

Question 47

Will not flower unless periods of light are longer than a critical period

Answer 47

Long-day plants

Question 48

Will not flower if days too short, or too long

Answer 48

Intermediate-day plants

Question 49

Will flower under any day-length, provided there is minimum amount of light necessary for normal growth

Answer 49

Day-neutral plants

Question 50

Pigments that control photoperiodism

Answer 50

Phytochromes

Question 51

Absorbs red light

Answer 51

Pr

Question 52

Absorbs far-red light

Answer 52

Pfr

Question 53

Blue, light-sensitive pigments that play a role in circadian rhythms and interact with phytochromes to control reactions to light

Answer 53

Cryptochromes

Question 54

Optimum night and day temperatures

Answer 54

Thermoperiod

Question 55

Period of growth inactivity in seeds, buds, bulbs, and other plant organs even when temperature, water, or day length would typically cause growth

Answer 55

Dormancy

Question 56

State in which seed cannot germinate unless environmental conditions normally required for growth are present

Answer 56

Quiescence

Question 57

Factors that control change from dormancy to germination in seeds

Answer 57

After-ripening

Question 58

Artificially breaking dormancy

Answer 58

Stratification