Growth and Development

Question 1

Growth is _______ while development is __________.

Answer 1

quantitative

qualitative

Question 2

Quantitative changes in a person over time.

Answer 2

Growth

Question 3

Qualitative changes seen over time.

Answer 3

Development

Question 4

What are the two developmental theorists which we cover in this class?

Answer 4

Jean Piaget

Erik Eriskon

Question 5

Piaget’s developmental theory was ________-based; Eriskon’s was ________-based.

Answer 5

Cognitive

psychosocial

Question 6

Jean Piaget’s theory of ________ development. Begins at _______ and continues until ________.

Answer 6

cognitive
birth
adulthood

Question 7

Piaget’s hypothesis was that children’s minds were not simply smaller versions of ______ minds. Instead, he believed that intelligence grows and develops through a series of ______.
According to Piaget, there are both ________ and _________ differences between the thinking of young children versus older childre,

Answer 7

adult
stages
qualitative
quantitative

Question 8

Erikson divides the lifespan into how may stages?

Answer 8

8

Question 9

According to Eriskon, what happens if a person doesn’t successfully navigate a developmental task?

Answer 9

The person moves on regardless to the next stage

Question 10

In infancy, the birth weight at six months is _______,, and ______ by 12 months.

Answer 10

doubled

triplet

Question 11

In the first year of an infant’s life, there is an increase in height by ___%. Most of this in the ______ area.

Answer 11

50%

Trunk

Question 12

Anterior fontanelle stays open for the first __-___ months. Posterior fontanelle close by __ months.
What is the purpose of them remaining open?

Answer 12

12-18 months
2 months
To accomodate brain growth

Question 13

When does most brain growth occur?

Answer 13

In the first 2 years - 2/3rds of brain growth occurs

Question 14

When does the brain stop growing?

Answer 14

Around the second decade of life

Question 15

It is normal for babies to lose up to 10% of their bodyweight in the first few days?

Answer 15

Yes, typically by the third day of life

Question 16

Why would breastfed babies lose a little more weight than bottle fed ones in the first few days following birth?

Answer 16

Because breast milk often doesn’t come in until the 3rd day postpartum

Question 17

What is the age range in which children are in the sensorimotor stage?

Answer 17

birth - 2 years

Question 18

What are the six substages of the sensorimotor stage? What are the time frames (in months)?

Answer 18

Simple reflexes - 0-1 
Primary circular reactions - (1-4)
Secondary circular reactions (4-8)
Coordination of vision and touch (8-12)
Tertiary circular reactions (12-18)
internalization of schemes (18-24)

Question 19

What are primary circular reactions?

Answer 19

These are not reflex actions, but done intentionally for the pleasure of stimulation

Question 20

What is the basic simple reflex?

Answer 20

Sucking

Question 21

Example would be baby kicks to see mobile move/shake a rattle for the pleasure of the sound.

Answer 21

Secondary circular reaction

Question 22

Tertiary reactions are different from secondary circular reaction because these are _________ adaptations to certain situations.

Answer 22

intentional

Question 23

What is crucial for the acquisition of object permanence?

Answer 23

the ability to visualize things that are not physically present

Question 24

In the infancy life stage, we are dealing with what part of Erikson’s model?

Answer 24

Trust vs. mistrust (0-2)

Question 25

What is the key to trust vs. mistrust? | What is the question at this stage?

Answer 25

Trust is key - constant caregiving. | Question is: Can i trust the world?

Question 26

What needs need to be met in the trust vs. mistrust stage?

Answer 26

Security and love needs (skin to skin, right from birth)

Question 27

What is the number one cause of death in infancy?

Answer 27

SIDS = sudden infant death syndrome

Question 28

What are the keys to prevent SIDS?

Answer 28

Sleep on back, make sure the room isn't too warm, reducing cigarette smoke

Question 29

Children in a car seat should face the _____ until about ___kg.

Answer 29

back | 9kg

Question 30

Early childhood (__-__ years) - aka _______.

Answer 30

1-3 years | Toddlers

Question 31

What are key aspects of physical development in toddlers?

Answer 31

Elimination - daytime bladder control and full bowel control | Fine and gross motor development

Question 32

A child has all __ primary teeth by this age.

Answer 32

all 20 by 2 1/2 years of age

Question 33

What stage would toddlers be in according to Piaget?

Answer 33

Preoperational stage

Question 34

What is the age range of the pre-operational stage?

Answer 34

2-7 years of age

Question 35

Children master the ability to picture, remember, understand and replicate objects that are not immediately in front of them. What stage?

Answer 35

Symbolic function | Preoperational

Question 36

An example of this would be a child able to tell you about or draw a picture of their pet, even if their pet is not there.

Answer 36

``` Symbolic function (pre-operational) ```

Question 37

Describes the way that children in this stage learn - by asking why, and how come?

Answer 37

preoperational stage | intuitive thought

Question 38

Children in the preoperational stage are described as ________, because they can only see the world from their point of view.

Answer 38

Egocentric

Question 39

Children in the preoperational stage are able to count to __. When they play, they are able to _______ adults. _________ develops here and they can communicate in logical form.

Answer 39

10 imitate (make believe) Language

Question 40

The stage of Erikson's theory from ages 1-3.

Answer 40

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

Question 41

``` In Autonomy vs. Shame and doubt: Age - ? Use of this verbal expression Play is _______ __________ is difficult. ```

Answer 41

1-3 No parallel Sharing

Question 42

Engage in activities side by side without a common goal. What is it? What stage?

Answer 42

Parallel play | Autonomy vs. shame and doubt

Question 43

How is autonomy developed in Early childhood?

Answer 43

By making choices

Question 44

What is the question at the Autonomy vs. shame and doubt stage?

Answer 44

Can I control my own behaviour?

Question 45

During the Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt stage, what should be encouraged, why?

Answer 45

Reading for litteracy and language development - learn independence and develops self-confidence

Question 46

In language development, what is the difference between receptive and productive language?

Answer 46

Receptive - understanding when you listen and what you read | Productive - speaking and writing - how one expresses their needs

Question 47

What are things that a nurse should keep in mind when assessing a child in the early childhood (1-3 years) stage?

Answer 47

Fears Negativism Siblings (keep security objects in hand, explain and maintain limits). (Encourage participation/play)

Question 48

What is important for adequate nutrition in the early childhood stage (1-3 years).

Answer 48

Full fat milk (limited to 3 cups) to promote other nutrient intake

Question 49

What are the aspects of physical development for late childhood 93-6 years)?

Answer 49

Elimination Fully trained independent

Question 50

In the preoperational stage,children start to ______ and can understand that a friend may have a _________ perspective.

Answer 50

cooperate | different

Question 51

What is the stage of Erikson's theory for late childhood (3-6 years old)?

Answer 51

Initiative vs. guilt

Question 52

What is the major conflict of the initiative vs. guilt stage?

Answer 52

Conflicts arise bewteen the child's desire to explore and the limits placed on their behaviour - can lead to feelings of frustration and guilt

Question 53

What is the question in the initiative vs. guilt stage?

Answer 53

Can i become independent of my parents and explore my limits?

Question 54

What is something a nurse can do to really alleviate some fears that children (3-6) may have when coming to see them?

Answer 54

Child life and trial rungs - tours of OR, procedure room, do on teddy bear first

Question 55

This should be screened in late childhood before going to school.

Answer 55

Vision

Question 56

What are hallmarks of physical development in school age children (6-11)?

Answer 56

Refinement of fine and motor development | Primary teeth replaced by permanent teeth

Question 57

What stage do children enter during school age?

Answer 57

Concrete operational stage - 7-11

Question 58

What is the hallmark of the concrete operational stage?

Answer 58

``` Understand conservation (i.e. amounts stay the same regardless of vessel they are in) Can sort objects in order based on any characteristic. ```

Question 59

What is the Erikson stage of school aged children (6-11)?

Answer 59

Industry vs. inferiority

Question 60

What is the question during the industry vs. inferiority stage?

Answer 60

Can I master the skills necessary to survive and adapt?

Question 61

The School age life stage is associated with many _______ and can place a lot of stress on kids.

Answer 61

change

Question 62

What is something important to nurse should emphaisze to parents for school aged children?

Answer 62

Allow children to make decisions, accept responsibility and learn from experience. Encourage parents to offer the child many opportunities through extracurriculars.