Nutritional assessment

Question 1

What is the primary energy source of the body? What organ can ONLY use these?

Answer 1

Carbohydrates

brain

Question 2

Basic building blocks of cells.

Answer 2

Proteins

Question 3

Used for energy storage, maintaining blood sugar, producing hormones and vitamins.

Answer 3

Lipids

Question 4

What are the different primary nutrients?

Answer 4

Carbs, proteins, lipids, vitamins and minerals, supplements, water, electrolytes

Question 5

What are some health promotion topics related to food safety?

Answer 5

Proper cooking, refrigeration and canning practices

Question 6

What are some tips on eating fruit for travellers?

Answer 6

If you can’t peel it, don’t eat it

Question 7

What is the oral rehydration recipe?

Answer 7

salt and water for electrolytes for adequate hydration

Question 8

What are some immunization health promotion topics for those considering travel?

Answer 8

Dukarol vaccine

publically funded rotavirus vaccine

Question 9

Who is someone we can refer patients too if they have food insecurity?

Answer 9

Dietician or nutritionist

Question 10

How do medications affect nutrition?

Answer 10

Can change the absorption of nutrients, cause nausea, diarrhea, constipation.
can also affect fluid balance.

Question 11

What are some ways that lifestyle choices impact nutrition?

Answer 11

Choosing to eat fast food vs. vegetables

alcohol consumption, smoking

Question 12

How does smoking affect appetite?

Answer 12

suppresses it

Question 13

How do geographical areas impact nutrition?

Answer 13

Some areas make it more expensive or difficult to get healthy food.

Question 14

How does education level impact nutrition?

Answer 14

People may not have the education required to understand nutrition

Question 15

When is breast feeding best?

What do we need to supplement these infants with?

Answer 15

first 4-6 months
need to supplement with
400 international units of vitamin D per day

Question 16

If mother’s choose not to breast feed their children, how much formula should they get?

Answer 16

150mL/kg/day

Question 17

When should solids be introduced (roughly)? What should be introduced first? Last?

Answer 17

At around 6 months
introduce proteins first
vegetables and fruits should be introduced last

Question 18

What is the only real food to avoid giving to children before they reach the age of 1?

Answer 18

Honey - because there can be bacteria

Question 19

What type of milk should children aged - have? Why?

Answer 19

1-2 years
Whole milk
lots of calories to help with brain development

Question 20

What macronutrient to adolescents need more of? Why?

Answer 20

Proteins to support rapid growth

Question 21

What does the SCOFF questionaire investigate?

Answer 21

Adolescent’s relationship with food

Question 22

What is the best way to bring up someone’s weight?

Answer 22

Bring up concern when discussing it, but ask them permission to discuss weight first.

Question 23

All women of childbearing years should take _____ ______ supplement (___mg) to reduce incidence of neural tube defects.
These should be taken __-___ months before conception.

Answer 23

folic acid
0.4mg
3-6

Question 24

How many extra calories do women need in their second trimester?
Third?

Answer 24

2nd - 350

3rd - 450

Question 25

If there is a history of spina bifida, what dose is recommended?

Answer 25

1.5mg

Question 26

What are some methods to help with nausea and vomitting in pregnancy?

Answer 26

eat more frequently and smaller meals ginger Diplectin - B vitamin and anti-histamine

Question 27

What hormone causes vomitting and nausea in pregnancy?

Answer 27

Beta-hCG

Question 28

What are food to avoid during pregnancy? Why?

Answer 28

Unpasteurized cheese and deli meats - Listeria | tuna - high mercury content

Question 29

What is counterintuitive if tuna is contraindicated in pregnancy?

Answer 29

Fish is recommended 2-3 times/week

Question 30

What is motherisk?

Answer 30

Institution from Toronto that has the most up to date evidence on different substances and how they affect pregnancy

Question 31

How does dementia impact nutrition?

Answer 31

Can impact the feeling of being hungry or thirsty | e.g. old ladies who only have tea and bread with jam

Question 32

How should cultural considerations be integrated in the discussion of nutrition?

Answer 32

some cultures believe in food's healing properties, some cultures require fasting or abstaining from certain foods

Question 33

What is the emphasis of Canada's food guide?

Answer 33

Emphasis on encouraging variety and reducing the intakes of fats, sugars and sodium

Question 34

If you feel unsure of your abilities to complete a nutritional assessment, what should you do?

Answer 34

Get help from other members of the inter-professional team

Question 35

What are the different components of the nutrition screening assessment?

Answer 35

Risk assessment focused history of common symptoms fluid and intake patterns Psychosocial profile

Question 36

What are the components of the physical examination for nutritional data?

Answer 36

calculated measurements | Serial laboratory values

Question 37

What are concerning weight loss percentages?

Answer 37

1-2% in a week 5% in a month 7.5% in 3 months 10% in 6 months

Question 38

What are some risk factors for nutritional issues?

Answer 38

Food allergies/intolerances Medical history GI symptoms Psychological symptoms

Question 39

How can medications impact nutrition?

Answer 39

Sometimes they have to be taken with food, or can impact absorption of food

Question 40

What is the CAGE questionaire for?

Answer 40

Alcohol consumption

Question 41

What are the components of the CAGE questionaire?

Answer 41

C - has anyone told you to CUT down A - are you ANNOYED about other's criticism G - Guilty about drinking E - have you used an eye opener - i.e. alcohol to get over a hangover

Question 42

What are some tools that practitioners can use to get a better sense of normal food intake?

Answer 42

Food diaries 24 hour recall 3 day food diary

Question 43

Which fat region tends to be the most insulin resistant?

Answer 43

Extra-adipose region in the central region of the abdomen.

Question 44

Why is it good to inspect to oral cavity?

Answer 44

Issues here will affect food intake

Question 45

What is the problem with BMI?

Answer 45

doesn't account for muscle mass or bone structure/genetics

Question 46

Weight calculations are always done with what unit?

Answer 46

Kg

Question 47

What waist sizes are issues for men and women? (i.e. predispose for issues)

Answer 47

102cm+ | 88cm+

Question 48

What are some signs and symptoms of malnutrition?

Answer 48

``` Change in hair, skin nails issues with wound healing weight loss and body changes edema muscle wasting LOC changes ```

Question 49

How are lymph nodes affected by malnutrition?

Answer 49

Become enlarged - lymphadenopathy

Question 50

What are the serum proteins measured in lab?

Answer 50

Albumin

Question 51

What is the purpose of hemoglobin and hematocrit evaluation?

Answer 51

assess for anemia

Question 52

What is dyslipidemia?

Answer 52

Abnormal amount of lipids in the blood

Question 53

What is the purpose of measuring blood creatinine levels?

Answer 53

Can indicate kidney issues

Question 54

True or false: People who take anticoagulants should be taught to increase their intake of dark green leafy foods?

Answer 54

False - dark, leafy green foods can decrease the effects of some anti-coagulants (e.g. warfarin)

Question 55

Term used to describe the balance of the input and output of fluids in the body to allow metabolic processes to function correctly

Answer 55

Fluid balance

Question 56

What percentage of the male body is water? Female?

Answer 56

60% | 50%

Question 57

How much water is lost from the body due to insensible loss?

Answer 57

500mL/day | 1500-2800 on slide, but probs wrong

Question 58

What are insensible loses?

Answer 58

Perspiration, exhalation, talking, evaporation

Question 59

Need a minimum of _______ per day to cover for metabolic waste, not accounting for other external factors such as temperature, exercise, altitude and humidity

Answer 59

1500 mL

Question 60

How does fever impact water loss?

Answer 60

increased metabolic demand and thus water loss

Question 61

How do burns increase water loss?

Answer 61

skin no longer impermeable

Question 62

How can fistulas cause water loss?

Answer 62

Connection between parts of body an open and cause water loss

Question 63

What are some diseases affecting water retention?

Answer 63

DM - increased frequency of peeing | IADH - inappropriate ADH secretion

Question 64

What are the first organs affected by dehydration?

Answer 64

Kidneys

Question 65

Dehydratoin can ultimately lead to what?

Answer 65

Hypovolemic shock, organ failure

Question 66

How does fluid overload affect the body?

Answer 66

Causes dyspnea due to fluid in lungs pitting edema Fatigue since heart and lungs get overwhelmed

Question 67

What counts for liquid intake?

Answer 67

Anything fluid at room temperature | anything given by IV as well

Question 68

What are some examples of output for fluid?

Answer 68

urine, emesis, watery diarrhea, wound drainage discharge from tube or wounds menstruation apparently too