GU Assessment

Question 1

Producing urine and the process of peeing.

Answer 1

Micturition

Question 2

Decreased ability to form urine

Answer 2

Oligouria

Question 3

What is the range for oligouria?

Answer 3

<400-500mL/24 hour

Question 4

Inability to form urine

Answer 4

Anuria

Question 5

What is the range for anuria?

Answer 5

0-100mL/24 hour

Question 6

Pain on urination

Answer 6

dysuria

Question 7

excretion of abnormally large quantities of urine

Answer 7

Polyuria

Question 8

Excessive thirst

Answer 8

Polydipsia

Question 9

Increased urine formation and secretion

Answer 9

diuresis

Question 10

Excessive urination at night

Answer 10

nocturia

Question 11

Blood in the urine

Answer 11

Hematuria

Question 12

May not be peeing out more quantities, but going more often.

Answer 12

Diuresis

Question 13

We see dysuria mostly with what conditions?

Answer 13

UTIs and STIs

Question 14

How much urine should a healthy individual produce every hour?

Answer 14

0.5mL/kr/hr

Question 15

What are some factors that influence micturition (5)?

Answer 15

1. Disease or disability
2. Fluid balance
3. Medication
4. Pelvic floor muscle tone
5. Psychological factors

Question 16

Generally defined as a change in volume or quality of urine produced.
generally expressed in relation to where the dysfunction arises.

Answer 16

Disease or disability

Question 17

What is the best example of continence/retention concerns in males?

Answer 17

BPH

Question 18

What sorts of physical signs or symptoms would one see with issues in fluid balance?

Answer 18

Pitting edema
Decreased skin turgor (tenting - after pinching, stays up)
urine colour, odour
LOC affected in extreme cases
CHF - difficulty breathing
electrolyte imbalances
Dry and cracked mucous membranes

Question 19

What are some physical signs and symptoms of dehydration in babies?

Answer 19

stop producing tears but still cry

sunken fontanels

Question 20

What is a sign of fluid overload in babies?

Answer 20

Fontanels will be heightened

Question 21

How can medications and drugs affect fluid retention?

Answer 21

Diuretics will increase output
Other meds (e.g. flowmax) may increase retention

Question 22

Are the pelvic floor muscles under voluntary or involuntary control?

Answer 22

Both

Question 23

Provides structural support to pelvic organs and prevents urine loss at bladder neck

Answer 23

PFM

Question 24

What predisposes a person to PFM issues?

Answer 24

Pregnancy and child birth - puts pressure on ligaments and stretches them out

Question 25

What are some things that people can do to increase pelvic floor muscle tone?

Answer 25

Kegal exercises - contract to stop urinating - contract to stop gas from coming out

Question 26

What are some psychological factors that can play a role in urination?

Answer 26

Embarassment (can't go at work, need to use bedpan, etc.) Pain Motivational issues

Question 27

How does being an infant or young child affect micturition?

Answer 27

Continence develops over time - need to have ability to sense the urge to go, recognize and control the PFM and have time to go to the washroom

Question 28

How does pregnancy affect micturition?

Answer 28

Hormones can raise the amount of urine and increased intra-adbominal pressure will push on the bladder and give the urge to go more often

Question 29

What are some reasons for increased incidence of nocturia in the geriatric population?

Answer 29

Overall atrophied bladder, enlarged prostate

Question 30

The increased frequency of urination in the elderly is related to what?

Answer 30

decreased muscle tone and bladder capacity

Question 31

The increased residual urine in the older population is related to what?

Answer 31

reduced effectiveness of muscle control voiding

Question 32

Why are some elderly individuals more at risk for UTIs?

Answer 32

residual urine can lead to possible infection

Question 33

In some instances of UTIs, what is a common presentation, without other signs?

Answer 33

Delirium

Question 34

What are some tests to assess issues with residual urine?

Answer 34

Bedside bladder scan using ultrasound (>10% is considered abnormal)

Question 35

What are the major issues related to micturition for older men? Older women?

Answer 35

Prostate enlargement | PFMs for women

Question 36

What are some of the questions we should ask related to normal urinary patterns?

Answer 36

Frequency, time of day, volume, colour, odour

Question 37

Back pain and issues with urination are a sign of what?

Answer 37

Kidney issues (pyelonephritis)

Question 38

Vitamin __ makes your urine yellow.

Answer 38

B

Question 39

What are the different parts of the history we do for urinary issues?

Answer 39

Review client's normal pattern and assess changes Conduct an associated symptom review Identify contributing factors Functional impact

Question 40

For inspection related to the urinary system, what are we looking for?

Answer 40

Skin and mucous membranes for fluid balance Perineum - skin breakdown or atrophy Curvature of lower abdomen (distension of bladder may affect this)

Question 41

What type of atrophy do we look for in females related to fluid balance issues? What are they more at risk for?

Answer 41

Vaginal atrophy - after menopause, lack of estrogen - dries out vaginal mucosa which can increase risk for UTIs

Question 42

Who would you be more concerned for if they had a UTI, man or woman?

Answer 42

man

Question 43

the urinary system is normally a _______ environment.

Answer 43

sterile

Question 44

Tea coloured urine is an indication of what?

Answer 44

Glomeruloneprhitis

Question 45

What is a urine dip?

Answer 45

Lab test - take litmus like paper and assess for presence of proteins, glucose, etc.

Question 46

When would you do a culture and sensivity for urine?

Answer 46

UTI

Question 47

When would you do a cytology for urine?

Answer 47

Looking for cancer cells

Question 48

What is the difference between collecting urine for and STI vs. C&S?

Answer 48

C&S has to be sterile

Question 49

It is best to collect urine when for specific disease processes?

Answer 49

Morning

Question 50

Should the bladder be palpable?

Answer 50

Should be non palpable if not distended

Question 51

if the bladder is distended, where will it reach to?

Answer 51

Above pubic symphisis and may extend to below umbilicus

Question 52

If the bladder is distended and palpation is done, what will the patient feel?

Answer 52

increased urgency, tenderness or even pain

Question 53

What can be done to assess volume post-void?

Answer 53

Bladder scan