Growth, Development and Health Flashcards
What are the different phases of childhood?
- neonate < 4 weeks
- infant ≤ 1 yr
- toddler 1-2 yrs
- pre school 2-5 yrs
- school age
- teenager/adolescent
What are the key fields of development?
- gross motor
- fine motor
- social + self help
- speech + language
- hearing + vision
What are the milestones of a childs physical development?
What are the milestones of a childs mental and social development?
When should a child be referred for not reaching milestones?
- refer if not achieved by limit age
- 2 SDs from mean
- correct for prematurity until 2 yrs
What are factors which influence development?
- genetics
- family, race, gender
- environment
- positive early childhood experience
- developing brain vulnerable to insults
- antenatal, post natal, abuse + neglect
What are different types of adverse envronmental factors to development?
- antenatal
- infections
- toxins (alcohol, smoke, etc)
- postnatal
- infections
- toxins
- trauma
- malnutrition
- metabolic
- maltreatment/under-stimulation/domestic violence
- maternal mental health issues
What are red flags for development?
- loss of development skills
- parental/professional concern
- hearing loss
- persistant low muscle tone/floppiness
- no speech by 18 months, esp if no other communication
- asymmetry of movement/inc. muscle tone
- OFC > 99.6th/< 0.4th/crossed 2 centiles/disproportionate to parental OFC
- clinician uncertain/thinks development may be disordered
What are the main components of the Child Health Programme?
- health promotion
- developmental screening (inc. hearing)
- immunisation
What is involved in the Child Health Programme?
- new born exam + blood spot screening
- new born hearing screening (by day 28)
- health visitor first visit
- 6-8 week review (max 12 weeks)
- 27-30 month review (max 32 months)
- orthoptist vision screening (4-5 yrs)
* unsheduled review + recall review- if needed
Who conducts the 6-8 week review and what is involved?
- GP + health visitor
- identification data
- feeding
- parental concerns
- development
- measurements
- examination
- sleeping position
Who conducts the 27-30 month review and what is involved?
- health visitor
- identification data
- development
- physical measurements
- diagnoses/other issues
What is involved in Healthy Child Programme?
- antenatal
- birth-1 week
- feeding, hearing, examination, Vit K, immunisations, blood spot
- 2 weeks
- feeding, maternal mental health, jaundice, SIDs
- 6-8 weeks
- exam, immunisations, maternal mental health, measure
- 1 yr
- growth, health promotion, questions
- 2-2.5 yrs
- development, concerns, language
- 5 yrs
- immunisations, dental, support, hearing, vision, development
How is growth monitored?
- physical measurements of 3 key parameters
- weight (g, kg)
- length (cm) or height if > 2 yrs
- head circumference (OFC) (cm)
- derived
- weight for age
- length/height for age
- BMI
- weight for length
- rate of weight gain (g/kg/day) (infants only)
What is failure to thrive (FTT)/weight faltering?
- child growing to slowly in form + usually function, at expected rate for their age
- significantly slow rate of weight gain
- crossing centile spaces
- supply of energy/nutrients < demand
