Pharmacology Flashcards
1
Q
At what age is absorbtion, of oral drugs, the same as adults?
A
- 6-8 months
2
Q
How is drug distribution different in newborn infants?
A
- body composition
- high extracellular fluid volume
- high total body water
- low fat content
- larger doses of mg/kg
- to achieve correct plasma conc
- inc dose intervals/dec daily dose
- dec hepatic function + dec renal elimination
3
Q
How is plasma protein binding different in neonates?
A
- reduced -> inc unbound/active drug
- blood brain barrier not fully developed
- inc access to CNS
4
Q
How is drug elimination different in neonates?
A
- liver metabolism immature -> half life longer
- dec oxidation + glucuronidation
5
Q
How does the dosage of some drugs differ in 1-8 year olds?
A
- significant changes in hepatic metabolism
- hepatic metabolismmore rapid -> half life shorter
- some drugs need inc mg/kg than adults
6
Q
How is renal excretion different in neonates?
A
- dec renal excretion -> most drugs have inc half life
- adult values at 3-6 months + tubular function at 12 months
7
Q
What are the main differences in pharmacokinetics in children?
A
- dec albumin proteins -> inc free drug
- inc free drug levels -> inc response
- dec hepatic metabolism -> inc response
- dec renal elimination -> inc response
- dec BBB -> inc CNS effects
8
Q
What metabolic disturbances increase sensitivity to drugs?
A
- fever
- dehydration
- acidosis
