Gunderson et Al.

Question 1

Aims

Answer 1

• children are affected by different types of parental praise
• gender difference in praise
• children’s framework 5 years

Question 2

Method

Answer 2

Parents’ use of praise at home when their children were 14 months, 26 months and 38 months old.
5 years later, the children’s ideas about behaviour were measured. Researchers looked at a child’s gender and influences of the type of praise.

Question 3

Participants

Answer 3

29 boys 24 girls
64% white
17 % African-American
11% Hispanic
8% multiracial backgrounds

Question 4

Framework

Answer 4

A basic understanding of ideas and facts that is used when making decisions.

Question 5

Person praise

Answer 5

Someone praises the individual rather than what they are doing.

Question 6

Process praise

Answer 6

Someone praises what is being done, not the individual.

Question 7

Entity theory/motivational framework:

Answer 7

a belief that behaviour or ability results from a person’s nature.

Question 8

Incremental theory/ motivational framework:

Answer 8

a belief that effort drives behaviour and ability, which can change.

Question 9

Findings

Answer 9

3% of all comments was praise
18% process praise
16% person praise
BOYS: 24.4% process praise
GIRLS: 10.3% process praise

Question 10

Procedure

Answer 10

Double blind technique

Question 11

Conclusion

Answer 11

Boys receive more process praise than girls
Boys tended to have more of an incremental framework than girls, Girls tend to attribute failure to ability more than boys do.

Process praise led to incremental motivational framework (ability being changeable).
Did not find that person praise led to an entity motivational framework (ability is fixed)

Question 12

Strengths

Answer 12

validity, double blind technique prevented investigator bias

High ecological validity

Dweck’s findings supports this concept