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GUT Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

1st inv for renal stones
IOC for renal stones

A

USG

NCCT

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2
Q

Nuclear renography

A

DMSA for anatomical details

MAG3–Differential renal function
DTPA—GFR

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3
Q

Criteria for nephrectomy in renal stones

A

DRF<10%
GFR<10 ml

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4
Q

Drug for medical expulsion therapy of renal stones

A

Tamsulosine

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5
Q

Extra corporial shock wave lithotripsy indications

A

<2cm upper calyx Pelvis

<1cm Lower calyx Upper ureter

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6
Q

Contraindications of ESWL for renal stones

A

Pregnancy
Bleeding disorders
Aortic aneurysm
Hard stones——Bro 16Kg dumbell
Distal obstruction
Obesity

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7
Q

RIRS contraindications

A

Distal obstruction
Pregnancy
Staghorn stones

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8
Q

Alkaline stones

A

Dt urea splitting organisms
Proteus>Klebsiella
Staghorn calculus
Ca hydrogen phosphate
Struvite—Ammonium Mg phosphate

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9
Q

Radioluscent renal stone

A

Uric acid

Struvite
Xanthine
Orotic acid
Indinavir

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10
Q

Stones due to laxative abuse

A

Ammonium acid urate

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11
Q

Which stone requires contrast enhancement

A

Indinavir stone

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12
Q

Other names of Radioresistant renal tumour

A

RCC
Grawits
Hyper nephroma
Radiologists tumour

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13
Q

Wunderlids syndrome

A

Rupture vessels of Angiomyolipoma

If B/L ass with Tuberous sclerosis

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14
Q

Central stellate scar with spoke wheel pattern

A

Oncocytoma

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15
Q

Renal tumour with Transitional type

A

Urothelial tumous

Positive enhancement with filling defects

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16
Q

Mc type of RCC
And presentation

A

Clear cell ca

Painless hematuria

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17
Q

Treatment of RCC

A

Stage 1 <7cm——Partia nephrectomy
Stage 2 >7cm——Radical nephrectomy
Stage 3 invades vein——Radical
Stage 4 Gerotas fascia—-Total nephrectomy

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18
Q

Carcinoma and their site

Clear cell ca
Chromophilic
Papillary
Chromophobic
Collecting duct type
Medullary

A

PCT
PCT
DCT PCT
CT
CT
CT

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19
Q

Flank mass in peds pt
Presents with

A

Wilms tumour

Mass
Hematoma
Fever

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20
Q

IOC for staging of wilms tumour

A

PET CT

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21
Q

Presentation of renal TB

A

Increase frequency
Dysuria

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22
Q

Earliest symptom of bladder stone
Most common symptom
More characteristic symptom

A

Increase frequency

Terminal hematoma/Suprapubic pain

Stranguary—Pulling penis at end of micturition

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23
Q

Mc tumour of Bladder
Its RF

A

Transitional cell ca

Cyclophosphamide
Benzene
Aniline dye
Radiation
Aromatic hydrocarbons

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24
Q

Treatment of bladder ca

A

TURBT with intravesical chemo(Mitomycin C)

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25
Complications of ileal conduit dor ureteroileostomy
Hyperchloremic hypokalemic. Metabolic acidosis
26
Painless scrotal mass with features Get above swelling absent Swelling is reducible Cough impulse present Testis cannot be felt separately Fluctuation and Transillumination present
Hernia Primary varicocele Hernia Primary varicocele Hernia Hydrocele Testicular ca Hydrocele Spermatocele Epididymal cyst
27
Cannonball metastasis
Lung mets of testicular ca
28
Mc anomaly ass with undescended testis
Patent processus vaginalis Can lead to hernia
29
Microscopic changes in vesicles in undescended testis
Decrease no of leydig cells Delayed appearance of genocytes Failure of primary spermatocyte development Germ cell count
30
Condition to perform Staged orchiopexy Time?
Testis higher above deep ring 6-12 months
31
Mc site of ectopic testis
Superficial inguinal pouch Denis Brown pouch
32
Diff btw BPH and Prostatic ca
Firm No nodules Medial sulcus present S. PSA <3 Hard Nodularity Medial sulcus obliterated——AbN DRE S. PSA>10
33
Treatment of BPH
Mild——Watchful waiting Mod——Medical—-Tamsulosine and Dutosteride Severe——Surgery—Transurethral resection of prostate
34
Fluid of choice for urethral patency in TURP
Glycine NS NEVER USED IT CAN BE USED AFTER PROCEDURE
35
TUR syndrome
Water intoxication Stop all fluids and correct HYPONATREMIA RAPIDLY
36
Mcc of delayed BOO following TURP
Bladder neck contracture /stenosis
37
New TURP
Bipolar TURP NS can be used during procedure
38
Cause of bacterial prostatitis
E coli
39
Site of prostate ca Type of ca
Peripheral zone Posterior lobe Adenoca
40
Site of BPH
Median lobe Transitional zone
41
Mc mode of spread of Prostate ca
Lymphatic If blood it spreads through Proastatic venous plexus to BONE
42
PSA >10 >35 Also raised in
Very high chances of prostate ca High chances of adv prostate ca (LN involved) BPH Ca Prostate inflammation After sexual act After prostatic massage
43
Early stage prostate ca treatment
T1a——Gleason 6 ——Follow up T1a——————7——- T1b T1c T2———any gleason— If life expectancy >10yr Radical prostatectomy If <10yr—-Relieve obs—TURP Androgen ablative therapy—Leuprolide (Same as adv ca treatment)
44
Mcc congenital anomaly of LUT Mcc obstructive congenital anomaly of LUT Mcc of recurrent UTI in child
Hypospadias Posterior urethral valve Vesicoureteral reflux
45
Site of posterior urethral valve
Just distal to verumentanum
46
IOC for posterior urethral valve
Voiding cystourethrogram Key hole sign on USG
47
Treatment of posterior urethral valve
Endoscopic destruction of valve
48
Order of management of Hypo and Epispadias Time
Orthoplasty Urethroplasty Granuloplasty Meatoplasty Scrotoplasty Skin cover 6-18months
49
Conduit used for urethroplasty
Prepucial skin Or Buccal mucosa
50
Tteatment of urethral stricture
<1cm——Internal optical urethrotomy <2cm——Endo to end urethoplasty >2cm——Substitution urethroplasty
51
Cause of Phimosis
Poor hygiene Balanoposthitis Balanito xerotica obliterans
52
Cause of balanitis
Candida albicans
53
Mc site of ca penis Mc type
Glans>Prepuce SCC
54
Premalignant conditions of Ca penis
Erythroplakia of Queryat Bowens disease Penile cutaneous horns Buschke Lowenstein tumour Condyloma accuminata
55
IOC of Ca penis
Wedge biopsy
56
Sterile pyuria seen in
Renal TB
57
Upper moeity Lower moeity Of Duplicated collected system
Obstruction Inferomedial placement to trigone Ectopic ureter Ureterocele VUR Superolateral
58
Whitaker test
Hydronephrosis Renal/Bladder pressure To know level of obstruction
59
Water lily sign
Dooping lily sign Weight meyer law in a duplicated collecting system
60
Christmas tree bladder
Diverticulae on bladder Neurogenic bladder
61
Cystinuria ? Found in urine
COLA Cystine Ornithine Lysine Arginine
62
Biopsy FNAC contraindicated in Testicular ca due to
Risk of seeding Immune privilege(anti sperm abs)
63
IOC for undescended testes
Diagnostic lap>MRI

Surgery (10 decks)

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