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Organismal Biology > Gymnosperms > Flashcards

Gymnosperms Flashcards

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1
Q

QUIZ QUESTIONS

A
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2
Q

Select all of the characteristics shared by ALL gymnosperms.
Heterosporous
Vascular tissue
Flowers
Seeds
Fruits
Sporophyte dominance
Photosynthetic gametophyte,

A

Heterosporous, vascular tissue, seeds, and sporophyte dominance.

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3
Q

What are the phyla of gynosperms?

A

Coniferophyta, Ginkophyta, Gnetophyta, and Cycadophyta.

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4
Q

Select all of the DIPLOID structures.
Microsporocyte
Bark
Megagametophyte
Megaspore
Microsporophylls
Leaves
Pollen grain

A

Microsporocyte, bark, microsporophylls, and leaves.

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5
Q

Which cells will undergo meiosis? Select all that apply.
Microsporocyte
Megasporocyte
Megagametophyte
Microspore
Microgametophyte
Megaspore mother cell

A

Microsporocyte, megasporocyte, and megaspore mother cell.

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6
Q

Seeds: (select all that apply)
Are a ‘telescoping of generations’
Contain a food source for the new plant
Result from fertilization
Are multicellular
Have totipotent cells
Are only found in homosporous plant phyla
Are haploid
Contain a new embryonic sporophyte

A

Are a ‘telescoping of generations’, contain a food source for the new plant, result from fertilization, are multicellular, and contain a new embryonic sporophyte.

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7
Q

NOTEBOOK QUESTIONS

A
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8
Q

What are characteristics of a spore?

A

Single totipotent cell, small, dont reqire much to make, limited resources, and haploid.

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9
Q

What are characteristics of a seed?

A

Multicellular, organs and tissue system already developed, telescopy of generations (diploid embryo), nutrition for embryo, and may have accessory tissue to aid in dispersal.

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10
Q

What is a seed?

A

The baby in the lunchbox.

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11
Q

What is the “baby”?

A

The embryonic sporophyte (the embryo).

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12
Q

What are cotyledons?

A

Embryonic leaves.

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13
Q

What are epicotyl?

A

Embryonic chute above the cotyledons.

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14
Q

What is the hypocotyl?

A

Embryonic stem of the plant.

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15
Q

What is the radicle?

A

The embryonic root.

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16
Q

What surrounds the embryo?

A

The endosperm. The “Lunch”.

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17
Q

What is the lunchbox?

A

The seed coat.

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18
Q

What are gymnosperms?

A

Naked seed plants that have vascular tissue.

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19
Q

Are gymnosperms sporophyte or gametophyte dominant?

A

Sporophyte dominant.

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20
Q

What is a prerequisite for producing a seed?

A

Heterospory.

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21
Q

Are gymnosperms hetero or homosporic?

A

Heterosporic.

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22
Q

Are gymnospers monophyletic, paraphyletic, or polyphyletic?

A

Monophyletic.

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23
Q

What are the four phyla?

A

Ginkophyta, gnetophyta, coniferophyta, and cycadiohyta.

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24
Q

How many genera left in Gnetophyta?

A

Three

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25
What does dioecious mean?
Producing mega and microspores on two different plants.
26
Are Gnetophyta dioecious?
Yes
27
What are the three genera?
Gnetum, Welwitschia mirabillus, and Ephedra.
28
What is Gnetum?
It is found in the tropics, and has red/yellow fleshy SEED coats.
29
What are Welwitschia mirabillus?
They are found in dry deserts of Namibia in Africa. Burnt out stump. Dew forms rolls down the stem.
30
What is Ephedra?
It is found in temperate regions and is the only gnetophyte found naturally in the USA. They have bright red seeds
31
Are Ginkophyta monotypic?
Yes
32
What does monotypic mean?
That there are 1 extant species in the entire phylum.
33
What is the remaining member?
Ginko tree.
34
What are some characteristics of Ginkophyta? (Think D)
Deciduous, dichotomous, dioecious, and dwarf branches.
35
What do ginko leaves look like?
Little paper fans.
36
Do they have fruits?
No, just seeds.
37
What are Cycadophyta?
They are short palms, or giant ferns.
38
Are cycadophyta dioecious?
Yes
39
What prooduces the microspores?
Microsporangiate strobuli
40
What produces the megaspores?
Megasporangiate strobuli
41
What is unique about their pollenization?
Little herbivorous beetles that eat the pollen cone.
42
What are Coniferophyta?
The trees. AKA Pinophyta.
43
Are coniferophyta cone bearing?
Yes
44
What is the most diverse phyla of gymnosperms?
Coniferophyta
45
Are coniferophyta sporophyte or gametophyte dominant?
Alternates
46
SKETCHBOOK QUESTIONS: PINUS
47
What does monoecious mean?
Both sporophyte on the same plant.
48
Is the Megasporangiate part female or male?
Female
49
Is the microsporangiate part female or male?
Male
50
The female cone cycle starts as __.
Cluster of MEGASPOROPHYLLS.
51
What is a megasporophyll?
A leaf-like structure that produces megaspores, which develop into female gametophytes
52
What is the center of this called?
The megasporocyte.
53
What cycle does the megasporocyte undergo?
Meiosis.
54
What results from meiosis?
1 megaspore and 3 polar nuclei. (n)
55
What is a megagametophyte?
It is the female gametophyte produced by the megaspore.
56
What is a micropyle?
A seed
57
What are thr three parts of the micropyle?
The archegonia (eggs), the megagametophyte, and megasporangium.
58
What is a megasporangium?
A specialized plant structure that produces megaspores, which are the larger spores that develop into female gametophytes
59
What does the micropyle undergo to create the zygote?
Fertilization
60
What does the zygote undergo to produce a seed?
MITOSIS
61
What are the three parts of the produced seed?
Embryo (2n), Endosperm (n), and Seed coat (2n)
62
What does the microsporangiate cycle produce?
Pollen cones
63
What do the male cones turn into?
Microsorophyll, Microsporocytes.
64
What do the microsporocytes undergo to create microspores?
MEIOSIS (n)
65
What do the microspores undergo to become a pollen grain?
MITOSIS.
66
What is a microgametophyte?
A pollen grain
67
How many cells does a pollen grain have?
4 cells

Organismal Biology (10 decks)

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