Seedless Vascular

Question 1

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Seedless vascular plants include which of the following phyla?
Anthophyta
Psilophyta
Pteridophyta
Equisetophyta (Arthrophyta)
Lycophyta
Ginkgophyta
Coniferophyta
Hepatophyta,

Answer 1

Psilophyta, petridophyta, Equisetophyta, and Lycophyta

Question 2

Seedless vascular plants share which of the following characteristics? (Select ALL that apply)
Vascular tissue
Naked seeds
Flowers and fruits
Dominant sporophytes
Diploid gametophytes

Answer 2

Vascular tissue, dominant sporophytes

Question 3

Describe the dermal tissue system.

Answer 3

Cells that produce waxes and other hydrophobic substances to reduce water loss.

Question 4

Describe the vascular tissue system.

Answer 4

Xylem and phloem

Question 5

Describe the ground tissue system.

Answer 5

Storage of materials, filling space.

Question 6

A microphyll has __ strand of __ __.

Answer 6

One strand of vascular tissue.

Question 7

Which of the phyla is not in the superphylum monilophyta?

Answer 7

Lycophyta.

Question 8

Which of the phylum has heterosporous members?

Answer 8

Lycophyta.

Question 9

What is the alternative name for the fully-developed gametophyte in ferns (Petridophyta).

Answer 9

Prothallus.

Question 10

An underground, laterally growing stem found in ferns is called the __.

Answer 10

Rhizome.

Question 11

What does vascular tissue allow for?

Answer 11

Larger plants to live in dryer habitats since it has the ability to move water from the ground throughout the body of the plant. Also allows it to grow taller, which means more sun, which means more photosynthesis.

Question 12

Are seedless vascular plants sporophyte or gametophyte dominant?

Answer 12

Sporophyte dominant.

Question 13

Is the gametophyte big?

Answer 13

No, it becomes reduced over time.

Question 14

What is the part we consider to be the plant?

Answer 14

The sporophyte.

Question 15

What are the three tissue systems?

Answer 15

Vascular tissue, Dermal tissue, and ground tissue systems.

Question 16

What is the vascular tissue system?

Answer 16

It moves materials around inside the plant body. Xylem and phloem. It is like a series of tubes.

Question 17

What does xylem do?

Answer 17

Moves water and mineral nutrients from the soil through roots into the stems and leaves.

Question 18

What does phloem do?

Answer 18

It moves photosynthate, as well as plant hormones and other molecules.

Question 19

What is the dermal tissue system?

Answer 19

It functions like a skin, protecting the plants from herbovory. It aslo keeps the water inside the plant.

Question 20

What is the ground tissue system?

Answer 20

It provides support for the vascular tissue. It fills the space around the vascular tissue.

Question 21

Describe microphyll leaves.

Answer 21

They have only a single vein of vascular tissue that is unbranched, and they tend to be small.

Question 22

Describe megaphyll leaves.

Answer 22

They have branched vascular tissue, that leads to more efficient photosynthesis. This is the vast majority of leaves you encounter.

Question 23

What are meristems?

Answer 23

Specialized tissue dedicated to mitosis. Vascular plants have 1 to 2 types of meristems.

Question 24

What is an apical meristem?

Answer 24

Found at the apicies. They are in ALL vascular plants, and are for primary growth.

Question 25

What direction do apical meristems grow?

Answer 25

Taller (vertical) above ground, and deeper below ground.

Question 26

What are lateral meristems?

Answer 26

They are the secondary growth found in trees and woody plants.

Question 27

What direction do lateral meristems grow?

Answer 27

Horizontally to give width.

Question 28

Are vascular plants homosporous or heterosporous?

Answer 28

One phylum is heterosporous, while all the others are homosporous.

Question 29

What does heterosporous mean?

Answer 29

They have both mega and microspores.

Question 30

What are the four phyla of seedless vascular plants?

Answer 30

Pteridophyta, psilophyta, equisetophyta, and lycophyta.

Question 31

What is the 'superphylum'?

Answer 31

Monilophyta. Consists of pteridophyta, psilophyta, and equisetophyta.

Question 32

What is the shared synapomorphy of seedless plants?

Answer 32

Being vascular.

Question 33

What is the plesiomorphy in seedless plants?

Answer 33

Being seedless.

Question 34

Are seedless vascular plants monophyletic, polyphyletic, or paraphyletic?

Answer 34

Paraphyletic, because you have to make a second cut to remove seeded plants.

Question 35

What are Psilophyta?

Answer 35

Whisk ferns.

Question 36

What do psilophyta lack?

Answer 36

True leaves and roots.

Question 37

What kind of branching structure do psilophyta have?

Answer 37

Dichotomous brancing.

Question 38

Where are the sporangia located? (Psilo)

Answer 38

Directly on the stems.

Question 39

How many lobes are the sporangea divided into? (Psilo)

Answer 39

Three lobes.

Question 40

What are Equisetophyta?

Answer 40

Horse tail ferns.

Question 41

What do equisetophyta contain in their stems?

Answer 41

Silica.

Question 42

Describe the stem of equisetophyta.

Answer 42

Hollow and jointed, with each internode having whorls of microphylls.

Question 43

What are sporophylls?

Answer 43

Specialized spore producing leaves.

Question 44

What are sporophylls held by?

Answer 44

Sporangiophores. (Clustered into Strobilus).

Question 45

What are Pteridophyta?

Answer 45

TRUE FERNS.

Question 46

What are the megaphylls on pteridophyta called?

Answer 46

Fronds. They look like feathers.

Question 47

What is the central stem called? (Pteri)

Answer 47

Rachis. Broad and flat.

Question 48

What are pinnae?

Answer 48

Leaflets along the rachis.

Question 49

How does the fern develop?

Answer 49

With circinate vernation.

Question 50

How are spores produced? (Pteri)

Answer 50

In clusters of sporangia called sori.

Question 51

What is the indusium?

Answer 51

Umbrella like structure that covers the sporangia.

Question 52

What is the haploid gametophyte reduced in regards to?

Answer 52

The sporophyte.

Question 53

What is Lycophyta?

Answer 53

Club mosses, gorund pine, resserection plant, quillwort.

Question 54

Do lycophyta possess microphylls or megaphylls?

Answer 54

Microphylls.

Question 55

Where do lycophyta prodce spores?

Answer 55

In the strobili.

Question 56

Are lycophyta heterosporous or homosporous?

Answer 56

Both.

Question 57

In the Lycophytales class, are things homo or heterosporous?

Answer 57

Homosporous.

Question 58

In the Selaginales class. are things homo or heterosporous?

Answer 58

Heterosporous.

Question 59

Is seedlessness a plesiomorphy or an apamorphy?

Answer 59

Plesiomorphy.

Question 60

Are seedless plants a clade?

Answer 60

No

Question 61

Is being vascular a plesiomorphy or an apamorphy?

Answer 61

Apamorphy.

Question 62

Are vascular plants a clade?

Answer 62

Yes

Question 63

What is an immature frond called?

Answer 63

A fiddlehead.

Question 64

What is the rhizome?

Answer 64

The underground stem.

Question 65

What is a sorus?

Answer 65

Cluster of sporangia.

Question 66

What is the first step of the life cycle?

Answer 66

Sporangium produces spores by MEIOSIS.

Question 67

After meiosis, are they n or 2n?

Answer 67

N.

Question 68

What is the second step?

Answer 68

Spores are released and form protonema.

Question 69

What is the bisexual gametophyte called?

Answer 69

Prothallus.

Question 70

What are the archigonia?

Answer 70

The site that contain eggs. At the top.

Question 71

Whar are the antheridia?

Answer 71

The hairy looking things on the outside. Produce sperm.

Question 72

What needs to be added for fertilization?

Answer 72

Water

Question 73

After fertilization, is the pteridophyta n or 2n?

Answer 73

2n

Question 74

What structure is produced after fertilization?

Answer 74

Sporling (The new sporophyte)