Gynaecology document Flashcards
(86 cards)
Which stage of the cell cycle does the primary oocyte stop at to become the primary follicle
Prophase 1
The fall in which hormone initially triggers the menstrual cycle
Fall in oestrogen and progesterone
followed by steady increase in FSH, LH and oestrogen
What does the increase in FSH and LH trigger
Completion of first meiotic division to form the secondary follicle.
Production of oestrogen
What does oestrogen act to do
Stimulate thickening of the endometrium
Stimulate thinning of the cervical mucus
As the follicular stage reaches completion, what happens to the levels of FSH and LH
Control of FSH/LH by oestrogen switches to positive feedback and there is a surge in the levels of both of these hormones
What does the LH surge at the end of the follicular stage stimulate
Ovulation
Occurs 12-36 hours after LH surge
Which phase of the menstrual cycle is usually static
Luteal phase (after ovulation) 14 days
What happens to the levels of FSH, LH, Oestrogen and Progesterone in the luteal phase
FSH, LH and oestrogen fall
Progesterone increases
How does progesterone act on the uterus
Acts to maintain the endometrium by increasing glandular secretions and vascularity
Where does the increase in progesterone during the luteal phase come from
produced by the corpus luteum, which develops from the leftover follicle cells
Why might the level of progesterone begin to decrease in the luteal phase
If fertilisation doesn’t occur, the corpus luteum will begin to degenerate and amount of progesterone produced will decrease
What will reduction in the level of progesterone at the end of the luteal phase result in
Menstruation
If fertilisation occurs, which hormones keep the endometrium viable for implantation
Embryo produces BhCG which stimulates the corpus luteum to continue making progesterone, which maintains the endometrium
In a cycle of 21-35 days, how long should menstruation last
4-6 days
What age is anovulatory Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding seen in
Seen at extremes of fertility
What happens in anovulatory Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding
Due to the irregularity of the cycles, the endometrium is not regularly shed and thus when bleeds to happen, they tend to be heavy
What happens in ovulatory Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding
Caused by a poor quality egg and follicle, which fails to produce adequate amounts of progesterone.
This results in failure to fully shed the endometrium
Which type of Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding is more common
Anovulatory
Define primary and secondary amenorrhoea
Primary - failure to start periods by 16
Secondary - loss of menstruation for 6 months after periods were previously established
If a girl has normal secondary sexual characteristics but has not had a period by 16, what should you suspect
Imperforate hymen
If a girl has a short stature, webbed neck and a shield shaped chest, what should you suspect
Turner’s syndrome
Post-menopausal bleeding is what until proven otherwise
Endometrial cancer
What is the most common cause of post-menopausal bleeding
Atrophic vaginitis
What does the Pearl index number actually mean
Number of contraceptive failures per 100 women per year
