Psych Misc. Flashcards by Shubham Agwan

What does the ASEPTIC mnemonic stand for

Appearance and behaviour 
Speech (pace, volume, tone, articulation) 
Emotion (speech &amp; effect) 
Perception (hallucination) 
Though (thought disorders)
Insight
Cognition

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What is Beck’s cognitive triad and which condition is it seen in

Negative thoughts about : 
Oneself
The world
The future 
seen in depression

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What are the 3 core symptoms of depression

Anergia (low energy)
Anhedonia (Low pleasure in normal activities)
Low mood

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Which neurotransmitter is used in Appetitive/ Approach systems

Dopamine

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Which neurotransmitter is used in Aversive/ Defensive systems

Serotonin

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What are the 4 core diagnostic criteria for Anorexia Nervosa

Weight loss 15% of body weight
Self-induced weight loss
Self-perception of fatness
Widespread endocrine disorder

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What are the three types of detention under the Mental Health Act

Emergency Detention
Short-term detention
Compulsory Treatment order

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How long does an emergency detention last

Up to 72 hours

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How long does a Short Term detention last

Up to 28 days

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How long does a Compulsory Treatment Order last

Up to 6 months

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Which of the Mental Health Act detentions authorise treatment

Short-term and compulsory treatment order

Emergency if the treatment is an emergency situation

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Which Mental Health Acts are able to be appealed

Short-Term Detention

Compulsory Treatment Order

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What are the 3 main anxiety disorders

Genralised Anxiety Disorder
Panic Disorder
Social Anxiety DIsorder

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Describe Generalised Anxiety Disorder and the possible treatments

Excessive persistent worrying which is not restricted to particular circumstances
CBT –> SSRI –> Pregabalin

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Describe Panic Disorder and the possible treatments

Recurrent and predictable panic attacks

CBT –> SSRI –> Tricyclic

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Describe Social Anxiety Disorder and the possible treatments

Persistent fear of being observed or evaluated negatively by people
CBT –> SSRI

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How long after a traumatic event can PTSD be diagnosed

3 Months

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What does the mnenomic FAANDER stand for

Flashbacks
Nightmares
Avoidance
Arousal (increased)
Emotional numbness
Dissociation
Re-enactment

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Which tricyclic drug can be used for OCD

Clomipramine

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What are the IQ cutoffs for Mild, Moderate, Severe and Profound learning disability

Mild - 50-69
Moderate - 35-49
Severe - 20-34
Profound - <20

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Which pathway is involved in addiction

Mesolimbic

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Which drugs can be given for alcohol relapse prevention and withdrawal symptoms and what should you start after detox

Alcohol relapse prevention –> Naltrexone
Withdrawal symptoms –> Chlorodiazepoxide (BZD)
Start Acamprosate

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What is the ADHD diagnostic triad

Impulsivity
Inattention
Hyperactivity

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Name two 1st line drugs for ADHD

Methylphenidate

Dexamfetamine

What are Schneider's 4 first rank symptoms of Schizophrenia

Delusions Auditory Hallucinations (typically 3rd person) Thought interference Passivity phenomenon

What are the 4 A's of insight

Awareness one's own symptoms Attribution of symptoms to a mental health disorder Appraisal of consequences Acceptance of treatment

What is early morning awakening defined as

Waking at least 2 hours before normal

Define Bipolar I

At least 1 Manic episode

Define Bipolar II

At least 1 Hypomanic episode

Define Bipolar III

Hypomania following antidepressant use for depression

Define Bipolar IV

Depressions arising from a normally elevated mood

What is the difference between atypical and typical antipsychotics

Atypical antipsychotics have a high 5-HT2A to D2 ratio and are less likely to cause extrapyramidal side effects than typical antipsychotics

Give 4 examples of extrapyramidal side effects

Acute Dystonic Reaction Parkinsonism Akasthisia Tardive dyskinesia

What is an acute dystonic reaction

Muscle spasms | Comes on as a side effect of antipsychotics in hours to days

What is akathisia

Internal restlessness | patient will complain of a need to constantly move

What is tardive dyskinesia

Repetitive involuntary purposeless movements- grimacing | Takes years to come on and may persist even after antipsychotics are stopped

What is the long-term serious side effect of atypical antipsychotics

Metabolic syndrome

What is Pseudodementia

Severe depression which mimics dementia but gives a pattern of global memory loss instead of short term

What is oculogyric crisis an example of

Tardive dyskinesia

What drug can you give for someone experiencing acute dystonic reaction

Procyclidine

What drug can you give for someone experiencing akathisia

Propanolol

What drug can you give for someone experiencing tardive dyskinesia

Tetrabenazine

What is the most common endocrine disorder as a result of chronic lithium toxicity

Hypothyroidism

What is somatisation and how long must symptoms be present for

Multiple physical symptoms for >2 years | Patient refuses reassurance

What is hypochondria disorder

Persistent belief in serious underlying disorder

What is conversion disorder

Purely motor or sensory symptoms in a person who is not looking for material gain

What is factitious disorder and what is another name for it

Munchausen syndrome | Intentional production of physical/ psychological symptoms

What is malingering

Fraudulent simulation for material gain

What can differentiate mania from hypomania

Presence of psychotic symptoms | e.g delusions of grandeur or auditory hallucinations

Which of the antipsychotics is least likely to cause hyperprolactinaemia

Aripiprazole

How are pseudohallucinations different from normal hallucinations

The patient knows that what they are seeing isn't real

SSRI's in pregnancy can cause what

1st trimester - a risk of congenital defects | 2nd trimester - a risk of persistent pulmonary hypertension

Which SSRI is used for children and adolescents

Fluoxetine

What kind of incontinence is caused by tricyclics

Overflow

Most things are low in anorexia nervosa | Which 6 things are raised

3 G's and 3 C's GH Cortisol Glucose Cholesterol salivary Glands Carotene

Increase in appetite is a characteristic side effect of which anti-depressant

Mirtazapine

What lifestyle change can cause a significant rise in clozapine blood levels

Smoking Cessation

If someone is showing poor compliance to oral antipsychotics, what should be considered

Should be considered for a once monthly IM depot

Name a 2nd line drug for ADHD

Atomoxetine