H/E lecture 1 Flashcards
(21 cards)
What does G1P0A0 mean?
1pregnancy (gravidity)
0 births (parity)
0 abortions
What are the three periods of prenatal development, their time frame, and major events?
Preembryonic: weeks 1-2, fertilization and implantation.
Embryonic: weeks 3-8, germ layers and organogenesis
Fetal: weeks 9+, growth and maturation of organ systems.
What do the terms: Nulliparous Primiparous Multiparous Mean?
No, first and multiple births/pregnancies.
Define teratogen
Anything that causes developmental abnormalities
Mitosis vs meiosis
Mitosis is the copying of chromosomes for the purpose of cell replication and division.
Meiosis is cell division to produce gametes which are haploid.
Haploid vs diploid
Ploidy refers to the number of different types of chromosomes in an organism and is represented by the letter n. Humans have 23 types of chromosomes but two copies of each kind producing a total of 46 chromosomes. A normal human cell is diploid, designated by 2n.
When does genetic crossover occur?
Genetic crossover occurs before meiosis 1 where the chromosomes are first duplicated before the first cellular division.
What is the cause of Turner syndrome?
Monosomy with the x and Y chromosomes.
What causes Klinefelter syndrome?
Trisomy with x and Y chromosomes.
When do the two steps of meiosis occur in females?
M1 begins prenataly
M1 ends and M2 begins at ovulation
M2 ends at fertilization
How many viable gametes are produced during oogenesis?
Only one, called an oocyte. The other three are called polar bodies.
When do the steps of meiosis occur in males?
M1 begins at puberty.
M2 ends 74 days later
Produces 4 spermatids which will mature I to spermatozoa
What is the pathway of of sperm in males?
Formed in the testis
Stored in the epididymis
At ejaculation, sperm go through the ductus deferens to the ejaculatory duct in the prostate gland and out through the urethra
What is the pathway of eggs in the female?
Oogenesis occurs in the ovary, at ovulation an oocyte is released, the fimbriae catch the egg and direct it to the ampulla and down the uterine tube to the uterus body.
What is capacitation?
Conditioning if sperm through heat in uterus where the glycoproteins coat on head of sperm is removed to facilitate fertilization.
Where is the typical location of fertilization?
Ampulla
What are the 3 main parts of a sperm and their function?
Head with DNA and acrosome
Middle piece with mitochondria
Tail piece with flagellum
What are the two outer layers of an oocyte?
Zona pellucida
Corona radiata
What is acrosome?
An enzyme on the tip of sperm that allows it to drill through the zona pellucida.
What is the zona reaction?
The zona pellucida hardens to prevent polyspermy
What are pronuclei?
The two separate nuclei of DNA in a fertilized egg before they fuze together to form a diploid cell.
