H/E Lecture 5 Flashcards
(41 cards)
What is the ACM?
AmnioChorionic Membrane
Made up of layers of the chorionic sac and the amniotic sac fused together. This is what breaks when the water breaks.
What is another name for the placenta?
Villous chorion
Where is the smooth chorion?
Smooth chorion is the outermost layer of the fetal enclosure that is not part of the placenta.
What is ABS?
Amniotic Band Syndrome:
Premature rupturing of the ACM. Bands of the ACM constrict fetal body parts.
What is contained in the amniotic fluid?
Fetal cells
Proteins
Electrolytes
How is the amniotic fluid formed?
Amniotic cells lining the cavity
Diffusion of maternal tissue fluid
Fetal urination
How does the amniotic fluid enter the fetus?
Primarily swallowed into the GI tract
Aspirated
Absorbed through skin
Does the amniotic fluid return to maternal circulation?
Yes. Through:
Uteroplacental circulation
Excretion into amniotic cavity and diffusion into maternal tissue
How much fluid is in a fetus’ lungs at birth?
About half full.
It is absorbed into the body with time.
What are the functions of the amniotic fluid?
Cushion Prevent adhesion Allow movement Allow growth Barrier to infections Regulate body temp Regulate fluid/electrolyte homeostasis
What is the ave amniotic fluid volume?
500-1000ml in 3rd trimester
What is polyhydramnios?
Too much amniotic fluid
>1500ml
Associated with malformations that prevent swallowing the fluid
What is oligohydramnios?
Too little amniotic fluid.
<400ml
Assoc. with renal agenesis, urinary blockages, premature ACM rupture or PROM
What is Potter’s sequence?
Also oligohydramnios sequence.
Too little amniotic fluid caused by renal agenesis or ACM rupture causes smashed face, pulmonary hypoplasia, renal agenesis, limb defects.
What are Vitelline vessels?
Blood vessels that protrude into the pinched off yolk sac.
What is the allantois?
The allantois is a protrusion of the gut tube or intestines into the yolk sac. It is thought to collect waste.
What issues can arise from Long Cord?
Cord Prolapse: the cord is birthed before the baby
Nuchal Cord: wraps around baby’s neck
What issues arise from short cord?
Restricted fetal movements
Early detachment of placenta during delivery
True knot vs False knot
True knot cause hypoxia or anoxia in the fetus.
False knot has no significance
What are pros and cons of umbilical cord blood banking?
Pros: -Easy to collect -Stem cells -No host-graft rejection Cons: -Not guaranteed to last -Low probability of use -Expensive
What major hormone is produced by the placenta?
hCG
What are the names of the two sides of the placenta?
Maternal=Decidua basalis (derived form endometrium)
Fetal=Villous chorion (derived from chorion)
What is the name for endometrium during pregnancy?
Decidua
What are the three types of decidua and where are they located?
Decidua basalis: maternal side of the placenta
Decidua capsularis: adjacent to the smooth chorion
Decidua parietalis: endometrium not directly associated with the chorion, so on the other side of the uterus.
