Haematology

Question 1

What are the signs of Acute leukaemia?

Answer 1

Bleeding
Infection
Lymphadenopathy
Anaemia

Question 2

What are the signs of Chronic leukaemia?

Answer 2

Anaemia

Lymphadenopathy

Question 3

What are the signs of Hodgkens lymphoma?

Answer 3

Weight loss
Anaemia
Itching
Fever
Lymphadenopathy

Question 4

What are the signs of non-hogkens lymphoma?

Answer 4

Lymphadenopathy
Anorexia
Fever

Question 5

What are the dental signs of mouth haematological malignancies?

Answer 5

Bleeding
Atypical infections (candida, herpes)
Lymphadenopathy
Gingival swelling
Ulcers

Question 6

If you have a platelet problem (production, deficiency, destruction), what drug do you take?

Answer 6

Aspirin

Clopidogrel

Question 7

What can you do dentally if someone is on anti platelets?

Answer 7

Avoid invasive treatment
Prep for expected bleeding
Give guidance
Associated conditions such as HIV/HEP A

Question 8

What is Heparin?

Answer 8

Injectable Anti-coagulant

Question 9

What is Warfarin?

Answer 9

Vitamin K antagonist

Question 10

What should INR levels be at for dental treatment

Answer 10

2-4

Question 11

What is a normal INR for non-coagulated patients?

Answer 11

1

Question 12

What should you do if the INR is over 4?

Answer 12

Inform GP

Delay treatment

Question 13

If a patient is on warfarin what should they also not take?

Answer 13

NSAIDS

Aspirin

Question 14

What is considered an unstable INR?

Answer 14

If it has been over 4 in the last 2 months

Question 15

What 2 drugs increase warfarin activity?

Answer 15

Antibacterials

Hormones

Question 16

What 2 drugs decrease warfarins activity?

Answer 16

Anti fungals

OC pill

Question 17

What mg of long term aspirin will a patient be on?

Answer 17

75mg

Question 18

What are the signs of neutropenia?

Answer 18

Mouth/throat infections

Life threatening infection from oral infection

Question 19

What to do if someone has neutropenia?

Answer 19

Avoid treatment

Urgent referral

Question 20

What is leukaemia?

Answer 20

Proliferation of immature cells in the blood/marrow

Question 21

What is lymphoma?

Answer 21

Proliferation of cells in the lymphatic system (nodes, spleen…)

Question 22

What are the signs and symptoms of anaemia?

Answer 22

Tired
Weak
Breathlessness
Dizzy
Pale
Rapid pulse

Question 23

What is the treatment for anaemia?

Answer 23

Replace the deficiency (Fe, B12, Folate, erythropoetin)

Question 24

What deficiency will someone have if they have microcytic cells?

Answer 24

Iron

Question 25

What deficiency will someone have if they have macrocytic cells?

Answer 25

Folate, B12

Question 26

What 2 tests can you do for coagulation?

Answer 26

INR | APTT (Activated partial thromboplastin time)

Question 27

What is anaemia?

Answer 27

Not enough haemaglobin

Question 28

Describe RBC production

Answer 28

Raw materials (Fe, folate, B12) Erythropoetin production (bone marrow) Circulation

Question 29

What is a cause of pernicious anaemia?

Answer 29

B12 deficiency

Question 30

What is having too little WBCS?

Answer 30

Leukopenia

Question 31

What is having too many WBCS?

Answer 31

Leukocytosis

Question 32

What is having too little platelets?

Answer 32

Thrombocytopenia

Question 33

What are the oral signs of coagulopathies?

Answer 33

Bleeding (spontaneously)

Question 34

What are the signs of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura?

Answer 34

Bruising | Bleeding

Question 35

What to avoid if idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura?

Answer 35

Aspirin | NSAIDS