Neurology

Question 1

What is the 1-6 movement of the GCS?

Answer 1

6= Obey command
5= Localise pain (squeeze ridge)
4= Flexion (normal)
3= Flexion (abnormal)
2= Extension
1= none

Question 2

What is the 1=5 of speech of the GCS?

Answer 2

5= Orientated
4= Confused conversation
3= Words only
2= sounds only
1= none

Question 3

What is the 1-4 of eye opening of the GCS?

Answer 3

4= Spontaneous
3= to speech
2= to pain
1= none

Question 4

What is AVPU

Answer 4

Alert
Verbal
Pain
Unresponsive

Question 5

What are the 3 types of structural damage to the brain?

Answer 5

Stroke from a blood clot/ischemia
Abscess
Tumour (Benign, Primary, Secondary)

Question 6

What to do if someone has a seizure?

Answer 6

ABCDE
Recovery position
AVPU
GCS
O2
BS level
Madazolam
Hospital

Question 7

What to exam for impaired consciousness?

Answer 7

ABCDE
Identify cause
Exam for-Trauma
-Rash
-BS level
SEWS
-Jaundice
Hypoglycaemia? Hypoxia?
Severe infection? Benzo overdose?

Question 8

If they have OD’d on benzodiazapine what to give them?

Answer 8

Diazapam

Question 9

What is the difference between focal seizures and general seizures?

Answer 9

Focal: Part of the brain
General: whole brain

Question 10

What 2 focal seizures can you have?

Answer 10

Simple (shaking)

Complex (Aura, odd behaviour)

Question 11

What 2 types of general seizure can you have?

Answer 11

Grand mal (LOC, limbs shake)
Petit mal (abscence, limbs jerk) (absence in children)

Question 12

What drugs are common for epilepsy?

Answer 12

Phenytoin

Carbamazepine

Question 13

What are the signs of a cluster headache?(3)

Answer 13

Severe pain around eye
Rapid onset
Less than 60 mins

Question 14

What are the signs of trigeminal neuralgia?

Answer 14

10/10 pain

Question 15

What to give if trigeminal neuralgia?

Answer 15

Carbamazapine

Question 16

What is the difference between primary and secondary headaches?

Answer 16

Primary is unpleasant

Secondary leads to mortality/disability

Question 17

What are the red flags for a headache? (6)

Answer 17

Sudden onset
Increased intra cranial pressure (V&N)
Focal neurology (CNS impairment)
Visual changes
Impaired consciousness
Fever/rash

Question 18

What are the signs of a tension headache?

Answer 18

Stress
Worse at the end of the day
Symmetrical

Question 19

What are the signs of a migraine?

Answer 19

Pre headache (aura)
Temporary decrease in blood flow to the brain then excess blood flow
Throbbing nausea headache

Question 20

What can you take for a migraine?

Answer 20

NSAIDS
Serotonin agonists (SUMATRIPTAN)

Question 21

What falls under global brain failure?

Answer 21

Metabolism
Drugs
Infection
Seizure

Question 22

What is hepatic encephalopathy?

Answer 22

Liver failure

Question 23

What is uremic encephaolpathy?

Answer 23

Renal failure

Question 24

What is hypercapnia?

Answer 24

Increased CO2 levels

Question 25

What is hyponatraemia?

Answer 25

Decreased levels of sodium in the blood

Question 26

What is encephalitis?

Answer 26

The brain becomes swollen | Viral infection

Question 27

What is a myoclonic seizure?

Answer 27

Limbs jerking, collapse

Question 28

What is an Atonic seizure?

Answer 28

Limbs collapse

Question 29

What are the signs of a cluster headache?

Answer 29

Rapid onset Less than 60 mins Severe pain around eye Blood shot runny nose swelling

Question 30

What is hydrocephalus?

Answer 30

Build up of fluid in the brain

Question 31

What bacteria is a cerebral abscess normally?

Answer 31

Staphylococci/Strep

Question 32

What drug is given immediately if someone has Giant cell Arteritis?

Answer 32

Prednisolone