Renal medicine

Question 1

What is the renal system responsible for?

Answer 1

Excreting and acid base balance

Excretes acid and makes bicarbonate

Question 2

What are endocrine functions?

Answer 2

Produce erythropoetin
Activates Vitamin D
Controls BP

Question 3

What does polyuria mean?

Answer 3

Lots of urine

Question 4

What does oliguria mean?

Answer 4

Small amounts of urine

Question 5

What does Anuria mean?

Answer 5

No urine output

Question 6

What does Haematuria mean?

Answer 6

RBCs in urine

Question 7

What does proteinuria mean?

Answer 7

Protein in the urine

Question 8

What does Dysuria mean?

Answer 8

Painful or difficult to pass urine

Question 9

What does uraemia mean?

Answer 9

Higher levels of blood and waste in the urine

Question 10

What does Hyperkalaemia mean?

Answer 10

Increased potassium in the urine

Question 11

What can a urine dipstick show?

Answer 11

Abnormal presence of protein, blood, glucose or WBCs in the urine

Question 12

What is in your electrolytes?

Answer 12

K, Urea, Creatine

Question 13

The Glomerular Filtration rate grades renal impairment- what is it?

Answer 13

Mild = 20-25ml/min
Severe= <10 ml/min

Question 14

What are some clinical signs of renal failure?

Answer 14

Excretion failure
Odema
Hyperkalaemia (risk of cardiac arrest)
High BP
Decreased immunity
Acidosis (life threatening)
Dangerous drug accumulation

Question 15

What are some causes of renal failure?

Answer 15

Diabetes
High BP
Cancer
Atherosclerosis
Glomerulonephritis
Hypovlaemia

Question 16

What drugs can exacerbate pre existing renal disease?

Answer 16

NSAIDS
ACE inhibitors
Diureitcs
Tetracyclines

Question 17

what are some clinical signs of ACUTE renal failure?

Answer 17

No urine output

Often already diseased kidneys

Question 18

What might be the outcome of acute renal failure?

Answer 18

Dialysis
Life threatening
K removal/ Fluid removal

Question 19

What are common causes of CHRONIC renal failure?

Answer 19

Chronic renal infection
Diabetes
Kidney disease
Atherosclerosis
High BP

Question 20

What might be signs of chronic renal disease?

Answer 20

Malaise
N & V
Anaemia (lack of erythropoetin)

Question 21

What is the treatment for chronic renal disease?

Answer 21

Immunosuppressants (for glomerulphoritis)
Treat anaemia
Treat obstruction (if there is one)
Dialysis (?)
Correct Vit D deficiency

Question 22

What are the 2 types of renal dialysis can you receive?

Answer 22

Haemodialysis

Peritoneal dialysis

Question 23

What is an advantage of having a renal transplant?

Answer 23

No restrictions after

Question 24

What is a disadvantage to a renal transplant?

Answer 24

Immunosuppression is increased

Infection or malignancy risk

Question 25

What might be different to tooth eruption in children with renal disease?

Answer 25

Slower eruption

Question 26

What might be some oral side effects to renal disease?

Answer 26

``` Stomatitis Dry mouth Taste disturbance Bleeding risk is higher Post op infections ```

Question 27

What is renal osteodystrophy?

Answer 27

When lamina dura is lost | Problems with bone healing post extractions

Question 28

When is a patient best treated if they receive dialysis?

Answer 28

The day after as the Heparin will have worn off and optimum renal function