Haemodynamics

Question 1

What is the revised starlings equation?

Answer 1

Question 2

What is the COP of whole blood?

Answer 2

Dogs and cats COP 15mmHg or above

Question 3

What are common causes of hyperosmolality?

Answer 3

Question 4

What are the 4 intrinsic interdependent antiodema mechanisms?

Answer 4

1. Increased interstitial hydrostatic pressure
2. Increased lymph flow
3. Decreased interstitial colloid oncotic pressure
4. Increased trans-serosal flow in organs within potential spaces

Question 5

List the mechanisms of oedema formation and an example

Answer 5

1. Venous hypertension e.g heart disease, venous thrombosis
2. Hypoproteinemia e.g. PLN and PLE
3. Increased micro vascular permeability e.g. inflammation and infection
4. Impaired lymph flow e.g. trauma, sx, systemic venous hypertension, anaesthesia
5. Increased negativity of interstitial fluid pressure e.g. inflammation, anaphylaxis, burn injury, frostbite

Question 6

What is the equation for micro vascular filtration

Answer 6

Jv= LpA [(Pmv- Pint) - osmotic reflective coefficient (IIp- IIint) ]

Jv microvascular filtration rate
Lp hydraulic conductivity
(Measure of water permeability)
A is filtration surface area
Pmv and Pint hydrostatic pressure in microvessels and interstitial space

II p or int is colloid osmotic pressure from plasma or interstitial fluid

II int can also be IIg to show glycocalyx