Liver

Question 1

ALT half life dog

Answer 1

60 hours (2.5days)

Question 2

AST half life cats

Answer 2

90 minutes

Question 3

AST half life dogs

Answer 3

22 hours

Question 4

ALT half life cat

Answer 4

2.8-4.4 hours

Question 5

For hepatic encephalopathy patients, bacterial infections are related to what mechanisms?

Answer 5

-Inhibition of metabolic activity of granule cystic cells
-cell adhesion
-chemotaxis
-decreased hepatic synthesis of plasma complement

Question 6

What is the equation for portal hypertension?

Answer 6

PVP= PBF x IHVR

Intra hepatic venous resistance

Question 7

Pathophysiology of portal hypertension

Answer 7

Hepatic stellate cells—> contractile myofibroblasts

Lots of extracellular matrix and inflam cytokines, proangiogenic mediators (VEGF, angiopoietin and Vasoconstrictive substances e.g ET1
-HSC contract-> reduce sinusoidal diameter and increase IHVR
-splanchnic vasculature—> vasodilation (NO, VEGF)
-low MAP, decreased effective circulatory volume —> compensatory hyper dynamic circulatory state (high cardiac index and low systemic arterial resistance)
RAAS activation and ADH release

Question 8

Differentials for gall bladder oedema

Answer 8

Anaphylaxis
Pericardial effusion
Recent blood transfusion (because of TACO)
Vena cava thrombus
PTE
Sever RHS heart failure with RSCHF
Fluid overload