Handout 2, Quiz Feb 19 Flashcards
(142 cards)
1
Q
outer layer of heart, connective tissue
A
epicardium
2
Q
middle muscular layer of the heart
A
myocardium
3
Q
inner layer of smooth endothelium that lines the heart
A
endocardium
4
Q
superior/receiving chambers of the heart
A
atria
5
Q
inferior, discharging chambers of the heart
A
ventricles
6
Q
small mass of tissue in the right atrium, functions as a pacemaker
A
sinoatrial node (SA node)
7
Q
any pacemaker in the heart other than the SA node
A
ectopic pacemaker
8
Q
contraction of ventricles
A
systole
9
Q
relaxation of ventricles
A
diastole
10
Q
average heart rate
A
71 bpm
11
Q
average blood pressue
A
120/80
12
Q
fast heart rate (over 100 bpm)
A
tachycardia
13
Q
slow heart rate (under 60 bpm)
A
bradycardia
14
Q
left side of the heart receives freshly oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it to all the body cells
A
systemic circulation
15
Q
the main artery of the systemic circulation, carries blood to all the other arteries except the pulmonary artery
A
aorta
16
Q
provide oxygen to all the body’s cells
A
systemic capilarries
17
Q
the largest veins in the body
A
venae cavae
18
Q
the right heart pumps unoxygenated blood to the lungs,, where oxygen is picked up and brought to the left heart
A
pulmonary circulation
19
Q
blood vessels that carries unoxygenated blood from the right heart to the lungs
A
pulmonary arteries
20
Q
blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left heart
A
pulmonary veins
21
Q
blood vessels that encircle the heart, and feed the myocardium during diastole
A
coronary arteries
22
Q
a critical condition caused by a sudden drop in blood flow through the body, sharply curtailing the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to vital organs
A
shock
23
Q
low blood pressure
A
hypotension
24
Q
over breathing
A
hyperventilation
25
decreased urine flow
oliguria
26
normally defined as a systolic pressure of 140mm Hg or higher and/or a distolic pressure of 95 mm Hg or higher on two or more measurements on two or more occasions
hypertension
27
the form of hypertension that has no identifiable cause
essential/primary/idiopathic hypertension
28
a sensory nerve ending in some large blood vessels
baroreceptor
29
blood vessel in the neck, word meaning "next to the ears"
common carotid artery
30
a sudden stop in effective and normal blood circulation due to failure of the heart to pump blood
cardiac arrest
31
time after which if cardiac arrest persists permanent brain damage may occur
five minutes
32
cardiac rhythm disturbance
arrhythmia
33
abnormal continuous or periodic sound originating in the heart valves
heart murmur
34
clogging of the arteries
atherosclerosis
35
a region in an organ or tissue that has suffered damage through injury or disease
lesion
36
loss of local blood flow due to mechanical obstruction
ischemia
37
severe constricting pain in the chest
angina pectoris
38
term for death
necrosis
39
death due to lack of oxygen as a result of an obstruction of the tissue's blood supply
ischemic necrosis/infarction
40
lesion resulting from ischemic necrosis
infarct
41
the death of some heart tissue
myocardial infarction
42
abnormal heart rhythm characterized by rapid and irregular beating
A-FIB
43
term for "on the back"
supine
44
portable electronic device that automatically diagnoses the life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias in a patient
automated external defibrillator
45
vermicular twitching of individual muscle fibers
fibrillation
46
aka for the skin
cutaneous layer/integument
47
outer, nonvascular, non sensitive layer of the skin
epidermis
48
outer later of the epidermis, consisting of several layers of flat keratinized cells among the stratified squamous epethilial cells
stratum corneum
49
a tough, insoluble protein that is the main constituent of hair, nails, horn, hooves, etc.
keratin
50
the deepest layer of the epidermis
stratum basale/stratum germinativum
51
a cell that upon division replaces its own numbers and also gives rise to cells that differentiate further into one or more specialized types
stem cells
52
a cell that produces melanin
melanocyte
53
an insoluble dark pigment found in all forms of animal life, accounts for dark colour of skin, hair, fur, scales, feathers
melanin
54
a growth on the skin that develops when melanocytes grow in clusters
mole/nevus
55
flat temporary clusters of melanin
freckles
56
connective tissue layer deep to the epidermis, contains blood and lymphatic vessels and nerves, sensory receptors, oil and sweat glands
dermis
57
cutaneous glands that secret sebum
sebaceous glands
58
oil that lubricates hair and skin, prevents excessive water evaporation and inhibits growth of certain bacteria
sebum
59
caused by excess oils that have accumulated in the sebaceous gland's duct
blackheads
60
a common human skin disease, characterized by areas of seborrhea
acne
61
scaly red skin
seborrhea
62
an infection of the hair follicle
boil/furuncle
63
individual boils clustered together
carbuncles
64
contraction of the arrector pili muscles
goosebumps
65
a new, often uncontrolled growth of abnormal tissue, tumor
neoplasm
66
the branch of medical science dealing with the treatment of cancer
oncology
67
very dangerous of harmful
malignant
68
the spread of a disease process from one part of the body to another
metastasis
69
a noun suffix used to form names of tumors
oma
70
most common, least dangerous skin cancer, arises from basal cells of the epithelium
basal cell carcinoma
71
any of several types of skin tumors characterized by the malignant growth of melanocytes
melanoma
72
acronym for the ABCD rule of identifying potentially cancerous moles
Asymmetrical, irregular Border, changes Colour, increased Diameter
73
tract extending from the mouth to the anus
gastrointestinal tract/alimentary canal/ GI tract
74
salivary gland under the tongue
sublingual
75
salivary gland under the jawbone
submandibular
76
salivary gland below and in front of the ear
parotid
77
chewing
mastication
78
soft, roundish mass or lump, esp. of chewed food
bolus
79
swallowing
deglutition
80
lower jaw
mandible
81
upper jaw bones
maxillae
82
pertaining to the tongue
lingual
83
prefix meaning "beneath"
sub
84
watery fluid secreted into the mouth by the salivary glands
saliva
85
carbohydrates occurring in plans
starches
86
muscular tube for the passage of food from the throat to the stomach
esophagus
87
term for "throat"
pharynx
88
open sores that develop on the inside of the stomach, upper small intestine, or esophagus
peptic ulcer
89
term for upper small intestine
duodenum
90
substernal pain or burning sensation usually associated with the regugitation of gastric juice into the esophagus
heartburn
91
breathing muscle between the chest and abdomen
diaphragm
92
term meaning "gap"
hiatal
93
a protrusion of a part or structure through the tissues normally containing it
hernia
94
a condition in which the stomach contents leak backwards from the stomach into the esophagus
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
95
abdominal contents herniate through a weak point int he abdominal wall
inguinal hernia
96
semifluid mass into which food is converted by gastric secretion and passes from the stomach into the small intestine
chyme
97
any of the fingerlike projections on the mucous membrane of the small intenstine
villi
98
secreted by the liver, aids in absorption and digestion, especially of fats
bile
99
a membranous sac attached by ducts to the liver, in which bile is stored and concentrated
gall bladder
100
the large intestine, absorbs water from and eliminates residues of digestion
colon
101
the endoscopic examination of the large bowel with a camera on a flexible tube passed through the anus
colonoscopy
102
allows an examination of the lower portion of the colon
sigmoidoscopy
103
small bulging pouches found most often in the sigmoid area of the colon
diverticula
104
inflammation of diverticula, can cause severe abdominal pain, fever, nausea, and a marked change in bowel habits
diverticulitis
105
beginning of the large intestine
cecum
106
a sugar which is used for energy within the body
glucose
107
disease that occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks and kills the insulin producing cells of the pancreas
type 1 diabetes
108
disease in which the body can't properly use the insulin that is released, called insulin insensitivity
type 2 diabetes
109
eye disease
retinopathy
110
low blood sugar
hypoglycemia
111
high blood sugar
hyperglycemia
112
the substance dissolved in a given solution
solute
113
the substance that dissolves another to form a solution
solvent
114
a homogeneous molecular mixture of two or more substances
solution
115
a measure of the amount of dissolved substance contained per unit of volume
concentration
116
the difference in concentration between two areas, affects the rate of diffusion
concentration gradient
117
the random movement of molecules, ions, or small particles in solution under the influence of thermal motion through a uniform distribution throughout the available volume
diffusion
118
an atom or atom group electrically charged by the loss or gain of electrons
ion
119
diffusion of water
osmosis
120
the stage of taking oxygen from the air and returning carbon dioxide to it
respiration/breathing/pulmonary ventilation
121
bone tissue protruding into the nasal cavity
conchae
122
voice box
larynx
123
windpipe
trachea
124
a motile, hair-like extension of a cell surface
cilia
125
one cigarette slows the motion of the cilia for how long
20 minutes
126
name of the trachea and air passages above it
upper respiratory system
127
a flap of tissue that guards the entrance to the trachea
epiglottis
128
any of the major air passages of the lungs that diverge from the trachea
bronchus/bronchi
129
name of the air passages starting with the bronchi and moving down
lower respiratory system
130
microscopic air sacs
alveoli
131
part of the nervous system that controls breathing is in this part of the brain
brain stem
132
a chronic disease of the lungs characterized by difficulty in breathing
emphysema
133
a condition of the lungs in which there is widespread narrowing of airways
asthma (bronchial)
134
the canal or cavity of a tubular organ
lumen
135
shortness of breath, difficulty or distress in breathing
dyspnea
136
prefix meaning "ill" "bad"
dys
137
suffix meaning "breath"
pnea
138
absence of breathing caused by upper airway obstruction during sleep
sleep apnea
139
a position in which an unconscious but breathing person can be placed as part of first aid treatment, one of a series of variations of a three quarters prone position of the body
recovery position
140
"open" airway
patent
141
stomach contents collecting in the throat
passive regurgitation
142
stomach acid collecting in the back of the throat can flow down into the lungs and attack the inner lining of the lungs, causing this
aspiration pneumonia
