HANDOUT ON VITAL STATISTICAL RATES AND RATIOS/HEALTH INDICATORS

Question 1

obtained by dividing one quantity to another quantity.

Answer 1

Ratio

Question 2

the denominator being used is the total population

Answer 2

Crude Rates

Question 3

the events happening to a specified group are related only to the corresponding segment of the population. They can be made specific according to age, sex, education, occupation, marital status, race or exposure

Answer 3

Specific Rates

Question 4

measures how fast people are added to the population through births.

Answer 4

Crude Birth Rate

Question 5

CBR=

Answer 5

number of registered livebirths in a year / Midyear population x1000

Question 6

a more specific rate than the crude birth rate since births are related to the segment of the population deemed to be
capable of giving birth.

Answer 6

General Fertility Rate

Question 7

GFR=

Answer 7

number of registered livebirths in a year / Midyear population of women 15-44 years of age x 1000

Question 8

gives the rate with which mortality occurs in a given population.

Answer 8

Crude Death Rate

Question 9

SMR=

Answer 9

No. of deaths in a specified group in a calendar year / Midyear population of the same specified group x 1000

Question 10

shows rates of dying in specific population groups. It can be made more specific according to age, sex, occupation,
education, exposure to risk factors, or combinations of these.

Answer 10

Specific Mortality Rate

Question 11

also called mortality rate from specific diseases or conditions gives the rate of dying secondary to specific causes.

Answer 11

Cause-of-Death Rate-

Question 12

Cause-of-Death Rate=

Answer 12

no. of deaths from a certain cause in a calendar year / Midyear population x F

Question 13

is defined as the number of deaths among infants under one year of age in a calendar period per one thousand livebirths in the same period.

Answer 13

Infant Mortality Ratio

Question 14

IMR=

Answer 14

deaths under 1 year of age in a calendar year / Number of livebirths in the same year x 1000

Question 15

Neonatal Mortality Rate=

Answer 15

number of deaths among those under 28 days of age in a calendar year / No. of livebirths in the same year x 1000

Question 16

Post-neonatal Mortality Rate=

Answer 16

number of deaths among those under 28 days to less than 1 year of age in a calendar year / No. of livebirths in the same year x 1000

Question 17

measures the number of deaths due to diseases directly related to pregnancy, delivery and puerperium per 1000
livebirths.

Answer 17

Maternal Mortality Ratio

Question 18

MMR=

Answer 18

no. of deaths due to pregancy, delivery, puerperium in a calendar year / No. of livebirths in the same year x 1000

Question 19

is the proportion of total deaths occuring in a particular population group or from a particular cause.

Answer 19

Proportionate Mortality Ratio

Question 20

PMR=

Answer 20

number of deaths from a particular cause or population group in a year / Total deaths in a year x 100

Question 21

Swaroop’s Index-=

Answer 21

number of deaths among those 50 years and over in a calendar year / Total number of deaths x100

Question 22

tells how much of the afflicted die from the disease.

Answer 22

Case Fatality Rate

Question 23

CFR=

Answer 23

number of deaths from a specified cause / number of cases of the same disease X 100

Question 24

measure the occurrence of illness or conditions in a community. It tells us the speed of development of a disease condition and is more appropriately used to describe acute conditions. It is also the measure of choice in determining etiologic factors of diseases

Answer 24

Morbidity Rates

Question 25

number of new cases of a disease developing in a period of time.

Answer 25

Incidence =

Question 26

Incidence Proportion=

Answer 26

number of new cases of a disease developing in a period of time / population at risk of developing the disease during the same period of time xF

Question 27

Incidence Rate=

Answer 27

number of new cases of a disease developed during the follow-up period / Total person time of observation

Question 28

sum of each individual’s time at risk or the sum of the time that each person remained under observation

Answer 28

Person time (known individual observation period)

Question 29

Person time (unknown individual observation period) =

Answer 29

Beginning population + End population / 2 X Length of follow-up period

Question 30

measures the proportion of persons in a population who are initially free of the disease of interest and who develop the disease within the specified time interval.

Answer 30

Cumulative Incidence/Incidence Proportion

Question 31

used when the exposure periods for the individuals are not the same.

Answer 31

Incidence Density/Incidence Rate

Question 32

measures the proportion of existing cases of a disease in the population . It is more useful in describing the occurrence of chronic conditions and as an indicator or basis for making decisions in the administration of health services.

Answer 32

Prevalence Proportion

Question 33

Prevalence Proportion=

Answer 33

number of existing cases of a specified disease / population examined x F