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CPHM > COMMUNICABLE DISEASE > Flashcards

COMMUNICABLE DISEASE Flashcards

1
Q

transmitted from one host to another

A

Communicable disease

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2
Q

easily transmitted

A

Contagious disease

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3
Q

are readily transferred from one infected person to a susceptible and uninfected person and maybe caused by
microorganisms.

A

Communicable diseases

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4
Q

occasional cases

A

Sporadic

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5
Q

constantly present

A

Endemic

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6
Q

outbreaks

A

Epidemic

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7
Q

worldwide outbreaks

A

Pandemic

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8
Q

number of infected people during a particular time period (i.e. year)

A

Incidence

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9
Q

number of diseased people at any given time

A

Prevalence

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10
Q

measurable changes

A

Signs

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11
Q

patient complaint

A

Symptoms:

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12
Q

study of disease

A

Pathology

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13
Q

cause of disease

A

Etiology

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14
Q

disease process

A

Pathogenesis:

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15
Q

colonization by microbe

A

Infection

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16
Q

illness

A

Disease

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17
Q

organism with potential to cause disease

A

Pathogen

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18
Q

pathogen is growing in or on host

A

Infection

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19
Q

degree or intensity of pathogenicity

A

Virulence

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20
Q

ability of pathogen to spread to other
tissues in body

A

Invasiveness

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21
Q

ability of pathogen to establish infection

A

Infectivity

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22
Q

ability of pathogen to secrete toxins

A

Toxigenicity

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23
Q

infection in which pathogen grows massively in the body, being found in blood and throughout organs.
Usually leads to death

A

Septicemia

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24
Q

Developed in late 1800’s , provide basic logical proof that
disease is caused by a microbe

A

Koch’s Postulates

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25
Q

Compete for living space and nutrients with
pathogens
* Ex. Lactobacillus acidophilus

A

Normal Microbiota/Flora

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26
Q
  • Organisms that cause disease when they enter different environment
    – Staphylococcus aureus enters break in skin
    – Escherichia coli enters peritoneal cavity from burst appendix
    – Clostridium difficile colonizes intestines when normal flora have been killed by antibiotics
A

Opportunistic Pathogens

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27
Q

the most common infection causing microorganisms

A

Bacteria

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28
Q

consist primarily of nucleic acid and therefore must enter living cells in order to produce infection.

A

Viruses

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29
Q

includes yeast and mold.

A

Fungi

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30
Q

CHAIN OF INFECTION

A
  1. Etiologic agent (Microorganism)
    2.Resevoir (source)
  2. Portal of exit from reservoir
  3. Mode of transmission
  4. Portal of entry to the susceptible host
  5. Susceptible host
31
Q

The extent to which any microorganisms is capable of producing an infectious process depends on the number of microorganisms (pathogenicity), the ability of the microorganisms to enter the body, the susceptibility of the host, and and the ability of microorganism to live in the host’s body.

A

Etiologic Agent

32
Q

There are many sources of Microorganisms. Common sources are the other humans, the client’s own microorganisms, plants, animals, or the general environment. People are the most common source of infection for others and for
themselves.

A

Reservoir

33
Q

source of organisms
– Humans
– Animals (zoonoses)
– Environment

A

Reservoir

34
Q

Before an infection can establish itself in a host,
the microorganism must leave the reservoir.

A

Portal of exit from the Reservoir

35
Q

involves immediate and direct transfer of microorganisms from person to Person through touching, biting, kissing, or sexual intercourse. Droplet spread is also a form of direct transmission but can occur only if the source and the host are within 3 feet of each other.

A

Direct transmission

36
Q

may either vehicle- borne or vector borne.

A

Indirect transmission

37
Q

any substance that serves as an intermediate means to transport and introducing infectious agent into susceptible
host through a suitable portal of entry.

A

Vehicle

38
Q

is an animal or flying or crawling insects that serves as an intermediate means of transporting the infectious agents.

A

Vector

39
Q

Spread of Disease

A
  • contact
    – direct
    – indirect (fomite)
  • droplet
  • vehicle
  • vector
40
Q

Before a person can became infected, microorganisms must enter the body. The skin is a barrier to infectious agents; however, any break in the skin can readily serve as portal of
entry.

A

Portal of entry to the susceptible host

41
Q

Portals of Entry

A
  • Skin
  • Gastrointestinal Tract
  • Respiratory
  • Urogenital
  • Via Placenta
  • Parenteral (injection, bite)
42
Q

Attachment

A
  • Fimbriae
  • Glycocalyx
  • Hooks
  • Suction discs
  • Viral spike
43
Q

is any person who is at risk for infection.

A

susceptible host

44
Q

is a person “at increased risk”, an individual who for one or more reasons is more likely than others to acquire an infection. Impairment of the body’s natural defenses and a number of other factors can affect susceptibility to infection.

A

compromised host

45
Q

Disease cycle maybe broken down by these
factors:

A
  • Increasing host resistance
  • Destruction of the source and the reservoir
  • Destruction of the agent in the environment
  • Avoidance of exposure
46
Q

prophylaxis such as antibiotics, antiviral drugs.

A

Treatment

47
Q

hygiene, disinfectants, sterilization, antiseptics and vaccination.

A

Prevention

48
Q

can be applied safely to the body. e.g on skin, ethanol and isopropanol.

A

Antiseptic

49
Q

cannot be used on the body directly but are used to clear work surfaces, crockery, cutlery, instruments etc.

A

Disinfectants

50
Q

Removal of any living organisms from a non-living
object or material. E.g water, operating theatre
gowns.

A

Sterilisation

51
Q

pasteurising milk , tinned food.

A

Heat

52
Q

autoclave where steam under pressure is fed
into a sealed chamber.

A

Steam

53
Q

Longer wave lengths have no effect shorter wavelength such as UV light results in death.

A

Radiation

54
Q

Is the process of introducing vaccine into the Body to produce antibodies that will protect our body against a specific infectious agent.

A

IMMUNIZATION

55
Q

Immunization against communicable disease

A
  • For infants
  • Following exposure
  • For all persons in endemic areas
  • For person subject to unusual risk
  • For known cases
56
Q

Vaccine available for routine immunization

A
  1. DPT (Diphtheria, pertusis and tetanus) vaccine.
  2. OPV (Oral Polio Vaccine)
  3. MMR ( Measles,Mumps,Rubella ) vaccine
  4. Hib(H. influenza type B) Polysaccharide vaccine\
  5. Hepatitis B vaccine
  6. BCG ( Bacillus of Calmette and Guerin)
  7. CDT (Cholera, Dysentery, Typhoid)
57
Q

An early start with what? reduces the chance of severe pertussis.

A

DPT (Diphtheria, pertusis and tetanus) vaccine.

58
Q

caused by Corynebacterum diphteriae

A

Diptheria`

59
Q

caused by Bordetella pertussis

A

Pertussis

60
Q

caused by Clostrodium tetani

A

Tetanus

61
Q

the extent of protection against polio is increased the earlier the OPV is given.

A

OPV (Oral Polio Vaccine)

62
Q

caused by Polio virus

A

Poliomyelitis

63
Q

caused by Measles virus

A

Measles

64
Q

caused by Mumps virus

A

Mumps

65
Q

caused by Rubella virus

A

German measles

66
Q

caused by Haemophilus influenza

A

Meningitis

67
Q

an early start of hepatitis B reduces the chance of being protects and becoming cancer.

A

Hepatitis B vaccine

68
Q

given at the earliest possible protect against the possibility of infection from other family members.

A

BCG ( Bacillus of Calmette and Guerin)

69
Q

caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

Tuberculosis

70
Q

caused by Vibrio cholera

A

Cholera

71
Q

caused by Shigella dysenteriae

A

Dysentery

72
Q

caused by Salmonella typhi

A

Typhoid

73
Q

Administration of drugs to prevent occurrence of infection.
* E.g Penicillin for gonorrhea, chloroquine for malaria, INH for tuberculosis

A

CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS

74
Q

Placing mechanical barriers between the sources of agent and host such as use of mosquito nets, masks or gloves.

A

MECHANICAL PROPHYLAXIS

CPHM (12 decks)

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