HCI Quiz 2

Question 1

– text entry and pointing

Answer 1

input devices

Question 2

– screen (small & large), digital paper

Answer 2

output devices

Question 3

– special interaction and display devices

Answer 3

virtual reality

Question 4

– e.g. sound, haptic, bio-sensing

Answer 4

physical interaction

Question 5

as output (print) and input (scan)

Answer 5

paper

Question 6

– RAM & permanent media, capacity & access

Answer 6

memory

Question 7

short-term memory:

Answer 7

Random Access Memory (RAM)

Question 8

long-term memory:

Answer 8

magnetic and optical disks, USB, hard drives

Question 9

– speed of processing, networks

Answer 9

processing

Question 10

The most common text input device
Allows rapid entry of text by experienced users

Answer 10

Keyboards

Question 11

keys arranged in alphabetic order
not faster for trained typists
not faster for beginners either!

Answer 11

Alphabetic

Question 12

-common letters under dominant fingers-biased towards right hand-common combinations of letters alternate between hands-10-15% improvement in speed and reduction in fatigue-But - large social base of QWERTY typists produce market pressures not to change

Answer 12

Dvorak

Question 13

designs to reduce fatigue for Repetitive Strain Injury
for one-handed use
e.g. the Maltron left-handed keyboard

Answer 13

special keyboards

Question 14

only a few keys - four or 5
letters typed as combination of keypresses
compact size
– ideal for portable applications
short learning time– keypresses reflect letter shape
fast
– once you have trained

BUT - social resistance, plus fatigue after extended use
NEW – niche market for some wearables

Answer 14

Chord keyboards

Question 15

use numeric keys withmultiple presses
2 – a b c 6 - m n o
3 - d e f 7 - p q r s
4 - g h i 8 - t u v
5 - j k l 9 - w x y z

T9 predictive entry
type as if single key for each letter
use dictionary to ‘guess’ the right word
hello = 43556 …
but 26 -> menu ‘am’ or ‘an’

Answer 15

phone pad and T9 entry

Question 16

Text can be input into the computer, using a pen and a digesting tablet
natural interaction

Answer 16

Handwriting recognition

Question 17

Most successful when:
single user – initial training and learns peculiarities
limited vocabulary systems

Answer 17

Speech recognition

Question 18

for entering numbers quickly:
calculator, PC keyboard
for telephones

Answer 18

Numeric keypads

Question 19

Handheld pointing device

Two characteristics
planar movement
buttons

Answer 19

the Mouse

Question 20

Mouse located on desktop requires physical space with no arm fatigue. Relative movement only is detectable

Answer 20

true

Question 21

Ball on the underside of mouse turns as mouse is moved
Rotates orthogonal potentiometers
Can be used on almost any flat surface

Answer 21

Mechanical mouse

Question 22

light-emitting diode on underside of mouse
may use special grid-like pad or just on desk
less susceptible to dust and dirt
detects fluctuating alterations in reflected light intensity to calculate relative motion in (x, z) plane

Answer 22

Optical mouse

Question 23

controlling mouse movement with feet

Answer 23

footmouse

Question 24

small touch sensitive tablets
‘stroke’ to move mouse pointer
used mainly in laptop computers

Answer 24

Touchpad

Question 25

lots of pixels per inch moved initial movement to the target

Answer 25

fast stroke

Question 26

less pixels per inch for accurate positioning

Answer 26

slow stroke

Question 27

- relative motion of the ball moves the cursor - a ball held by a socket

Answer 27

trackball

Question 28

- for accurate CAD - X-Y cursor - for fast scrolling - single dial on mouse

Answer 28

thumbwheels

Question 29

often used for computer games aircraft controls and 3D navigation indirect - pressure == velocity

Answer 29

joystick

Question 30

miniature joystick in the middle of the keyboard

Answer 30

keyboard nipple

Question 31

detect the presence of finger

Answer 31

touch-sensitive screen

Question 32

small pen-like pointer

Answer 32

stylus

Question 33

- rarely use now - uses light from screen to detect locality

Answer 33

light pen

Question 34

mouse-like device with cross hairs

Answer 34

digitizing tablet

Question 35

control interface by eye gaze direction

Answer 35

eye gaze

Question 36

four keys ( ^ < > \/)

Answer 36

cursor keys

Question 37

cursor pads/ mini joystick

Answer 37

discrete positioning controls

Question 38

vast no. of collored dots/pixels in grid

Answer 38

bitmap display

Question 39

set of colors

Answer 39

colormap

Question 40

colors for each pallete 256 from a pallete 8 bits each for red, green and blue

Answer 40

colour dept

Question 41

diagonal lines have discontinuitius

Answer 41

jaggies

Question 42

soften edges by usng shades of line color

Answer 42

anti-aliasing

Question 43

- stem for electrons emitted from electrogen - used in tus and computer monitors

Answer 43

cathode ray tube

Question 44

smaller, lighter and no radiation problem found I nPDAs

Answer 44

liquid crystal displa

Question 45

special displays

Answer 45

- dust random scan

Question 46

sim to random scan analouge

Answer 46

Directed View Storage Tube(DVST)

Question 47

draw lines

Answer 47

random scan (directed beem refesh, vector display)

Question 48

used for a meeting

Answer 48

large display

Question 49

usually wide screen

Answer 49

plasma

Question 50

lots of small screens together

Answer 50

video walls

Question 51

RGB lights of LCD projector - hand/body obscures screen

Answer 51

projected

Question 52

frosted glass + projector behind

Answer 52

back-projected

Question 53

display in public places

Answer 53

situated display

Question 54

- thin flexible sheets that are updated electronically but retain display

Answer 54

digital paper

Question 55

steering wheels, kno s and dials jus like real

Answer 55

cockpit and virtual controls

Question 56

six-degrees movement: x(twist), y(up/down), z(left/right)

Answer 56

3d mouse

Question 57

fibre optics used to dectect finger position

Answer 57

data glove

Question 58

detect head motions

Answer 58

vr helmet

Question 59

accelerometers strapped to limbs or replective dots and video processing

Answer 59

whole body tracking

Question 60

use in sterescopic vison - vr helmets - screen plus shuttered specs

Answer 60

seeing ing 3d

Question 61

- ordinary screen, mouse or keyboard control - perspective and motion give 3d effect

Answer 61

desktop VR

Question 62

small TV screen for each eye - slightly different angles

Answer 62

VR headset

Question 63

VR motion sickness

Answer 63

- time delay depth perception conflickting cues => sickness

Question 64

dedicated displays

Answer 64

- analogue representations - digital displays - head-up displays

Question 65

dials, gauges, lights

Answer 65

analogue representatons

Question 66

small LCD screens, LED lights

Answer 66

digital displays

Question 67

- found in aircraft cockpits - show most important controls

Answer 67

head-up displays

Question 68

- for controlling menus - feel small bumps

Answer 68

BMW iDrive

Question 69

image made from small dots

Answer 69

printing

Question 70

use inked ribbon (80-120 dpi)

Answer 70

dot-matrix printer

Question 71

blobs of ink (300+ dpi)

Answer 71

ink-jet and bubble-jet printer

Question 72

uses powder toneer (600+ dpi)

Answer 72

laser printer

Question 73

dpi stands for...

Answer 73

dots per inch

Question 74

- dot matrix - cheques - several paper rolls

Answer 74

shop tills

Question 75

special heat-sensitive paper - fax machines - poor quality but simple and low maintenance

Answer 75

thermal printer

Question 76

the particular style of text

Answer 76

font

Question 77

every character has the same width

Answer 77

fixed-pitch

Question 78

some characters are wider

Answer 78

variable-pitch

Question 79

square-ended strokes (helvetica)

Answer 79

sans-serif

Question 80

with splayed ends (tlmes new roman/platino)

Answer 80

serif

Question 81

easy to read shape of words

Answer 81

lowercase

Question 82

better for individual letters and non-words

Answer 82

UPPERCASE

Question 83

- helps your eye on long lines of printed text - but sans serif often better on screen

Answer 83

serif fonts

Question 84

most common page description languages

Answer 84

PostScript

Question 85

WYSIWYG

Answer 85

what you see is what you get

Question 86

take paper and convert it into a bitmap

Answer 86

scanner

Question 87

types of scanner

Answer 87

- flat-bet - hand-held

Question 88

paper placed on a glass plate, whole page converted into bitmap

Answer 88

flat-bed scanner

Question 89

scanner passed over paper, digitising strip typically 3-4" wide

Answer 89

hand-held scanner

Question 90

Scanners is used in

Answer 90

- desktop publishing for incorporating photographs and other images - document storage and retrieval systems, doing away with paper storage - special scanners for slides and photographic negatives

Question 91

converts bitmap back into text - harder with different fonts

Answer 91

Optical Character Recognition (OCR)

Question 92

small patterns of /\\//\\//\

Answer 92

glyphs

Question 93

10 nano--second access time on silicon chips - 100 MB/sec data transferred

Answer 93

Random Access Memory (RAM)

Question 94

- floppy disks (1.4 mb) had disks (40 gb to 100s)

Answer 94

magnetic disks

Question 95

- use lasers to read and sometimes write - more robust than magnetic media

Answer 95

optical disks

Question 96

same technology as home audio = 600 gb

Answer 96

CD-ROM

Question 97

for AV appliications or very large files

Answer 97

DVD

Question 98

often use RAM for their main memory

Answer 98

PDAs (Personal Digital Assistant)

Question 99

- used in PDAs, cameras - silicon based - plug-in USB devices for data transfer

Answer 99

flash-memory

Question 100

recover exact text or image (GIF, ZIP) look for commonalities

Answer 100

lossless

Question 101

recover something like original (JPEG, MP3) exploit perception

Answer 101

lossy

Question 102

7-bit binary code = letter & character - the basic standard for text storage

Answer 102

ASCII

Question 103

8-bit encoding of 16 bit character set - UNICODE standard

Answer 103

UTF-8

Question 104

text plus formatting an glayout information

Answer 104

RTF (rich text format)

Question 105

documents regarded as structured object

Answer 105

SGML (Standardized Generalised Markup Language)

Question 106

simpler version of SGML for web applications

Answer 106

XML (Extended Markup Language)

Question 107

- has quicktime, mpeg, wav formats - compression even more important - streaming formats for network delivery

Answer 107

audio/video

Question 108

methods of access

Answer 108

indexing

Question 109

- computers get faster and faster - processor speed doubles = 18 m - memory doubles = 12 months

Answer 109

Moore's Law

Question 110

computation takes ages, causing frustration for the user

Answer 110

computation bound

Question 111

bottleneck in transference of data from disk to memory

Answer 111

storage channel bound

Question 112

common bottlenect: updating displays = lots of effort

Answer 112

graphics bound

Question 113

many computers networked, shared resources and files access to printers \/ network speed

Answer 113

network capacity

Question 114

internet history

Answer 114

- 1969: darpanet us dod, 4 sites - 1971: 23(arpanet) - 1984: 1000 - 1989: 10000

Question 115

common language protocols

Answer 115

TCP (Trasmission Control Protocol) IP (Internet Protocol)

Question 116

lower level, packets (like letters) between machines

Answer 116

TCP (Trasmission Control Protocol)

Question 117

reliable channel (like a phone call) between programs on the machine

Answer 117

IP (Internet Protocol)