name the bones of the skull
parietal bone sphenoid bone nasal bone frontal bone maxilla vomer palatine bone occipital bone temporal bone
what is the jugular notch?
midline depression between the two sternal heads of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
name the sutures of the skull
coronal suture (between frontal and parietal bones) sagittal suture (along the middle) lambdoid suture (between parietal bones and occipital)
what is the pterion
point at which frontal, sphenoid, temporal, and parietal bones meet.
Middle meningeal artery lies beneath this region
name the 3 meninges of the brain
dura mater
arachnoid mater
pia mater
what innervates the dura mater?
meningeal branches of trigeminal nerve and CN X
Does the arachnoid or pia mater receive any sensory innervation?
NO
what are the 4 dural folds in the brain
falx cerebri
falx cerebelli
Tentorium cerebelli
diaphagma sellae
what forms the straight sinus?
inferior sagittal sinus
great cerebral vein
tell me about the sigmoid sinus
S shaped continuation of the transverse sinus passing inferiormedially into the jugular foramen–> becomes the internal jugular vein
where is the limbic part of the brain located?
on top of the corpus callosum
what are the ventricles of the ventricular system in the brain?
lateral ventricles x 2
3rd ventricle
4 ventricle
where is the primary motor cortex?
in the frontal lobe
where is the somatosensory association cortex?
in the parietal lobe
what are the 2 apertures in the ventricular system of the brain that leaD CSF into the subarachnoid space?
foramen of lushka
foramen of magendie
tell me the general function of the frontal lobe
motor control, expressive speech, personality, and drive
tell me the general fn of the parietal lobe
sensory input, receptive speech, integration
tell me the general fn of the occipital lobe
visual input and processing
tell me the role of the limbic lobe
emotions and autonomic function
where does the vertebral artery arise from?
arise from the subclavian arteries through the foramen magnum of the skull
tell me the course of the internal carotid artery
arise from the common carotid in the neck, enter carotid canal, traverse to the foramen lacerum to terminate as the middle and anterior cerebral arteries and anastamose with the circle of willis
What arteries arise from the vertebral arteries
posterior inferior cerebellar artery
basilar artery
what arteries c ome of the basilar artery
anterior inferior cerebellar
superior cerebellar
posterior cerebral
where does the middle cerebral artery come off
internal carotid= supplies lateral aspect of cerebral hemispheres
what are the layers of the scalp
S- skin C- connective tissue A- aponeurosis L- loose connective tissue P- periosteum
describe the course of the facial nerve
emerges from the stylomastoid foramen and passes into the parotid gland, dividing into Temporal Zygomatic buccal mandibular cervical branches
where does the opthalmic artery arise from?
the internal carotid artery
where does the facial artery and superior temporal artery arise from?
external carotid artery
what are the bones that make up the bony orbit of the eye?
frontal maxillary zygomatic sphenoid palatine ethmoid lacrimal
what are the 3 fissures behind the orbit of the eye, and what goes through them?
superior orbital fissure= CN 3, 4, 6, V1 with opthalmic vein
inferior orbital fissure= CN V2 and infraorbital vessels
Optic canal= CN 2 and opthalmic artery
what does the superior oblique muscle do
rotates eye laterally, depresses and abducts eye
what does the superior rectus do
elevates adducts rotates eye medially
what does the inferior oblique do
rotates laterally, abducts, elevates eye
tell me about the course of sympathetic innervation of the eye
Arises from upper thoracic intermediolateral cell column T1-T2
sends preganglionic fibres to superior cervical ganglion
postganglionic fibres go to the long and short ciliary nerves to eye
innervate dilator pupillae and the superior tarsal muscle of upper eyelid
what is the optic disc?
non receptive area (blind spot) where retinal ganglion cell nerve axons leave the retina in the optic nerve and pass to the brain
what is the TMJ? what type of joint is it?
temporomandibular joint articulating with the condylar process of the mandible and the squamous process of the temporal bone
modified hinge synovial joint
what are the muscles of mastication?
temporalis
masseter
lateral pterygoid
medial pterygoid
what are the ligaments that support the TMJ joint?
stylomandibular
sphenomandibular
temporomandibular
tell me about the location and layers of the parotid gland
occupies the retromandibular space between the mandibular ramus and mastoid process
encased in parotid sheath
innervated by CN9
what accompanies the middle meningeal artery through foramen spinosum?
meningeal nerve from V3
what are the terminal branches off the external carotid artery?
maxillary and superficial temporal
what are the 4 sinuses?
frontal
ethmoid
sphenoid
maxillary
on which wall- medial or lateral wall of the nasal cavity might you find the concha?
lateral wall
what are the muscles in the ear that dampan vibrations?
stapedius
tensor tympani
name the extrinsic muscles of the tongue
which ones are controlled by the hypoglossal nerve and which are innervated by CN10?
genioglossus
hyoglossus
styloglossus
palatoglossus- CN 10
all other are innervated by CN11
what nerve innervates sensation on tongue
chorda tympani
lingual
glossopharyngeal CN 9
which nerve innervates the submandibular and the sublingual gland?
CN 7
what are the muscles of the soft palate
levator veli palatini tensor veli palatini palatoglossus palatopharyngeus musculus uvulae
what are the boundaries of the posterior triangle of the neck
SCM
trapezius
middle third of clavicle
what is the anterior triangle of the neck divided into?
submandibular triangle
carotid triangle
muscular triagnle
submental triangle
branches of the subclavian artery
vertebral
internal thoracic
thyrocervical
costocervical
branches of the external carotid artery
superior thyroid ascending pharyngeal lingual facial occipital posterior auricular maxillary superficial temporal
at what vertebra level does the thyroid gland lie
C five to T1
where are the parathyroid glands in relation to the thyroid gland
located on the POSTERIOR aspect of the thyroid gland
what are the groups of tonsils that make up Waldeyer’s ring extending into the pharynx
tubul
pharyngeal
palatine
lingual
where is the anatomical location of the larynx?
located at C3- C6, just superior to the trachea