head and neck

Question 1

name the bones of the skull

Answer 1

parietal bone
sphenoid bone
nasal bone
frontal bone
maxilla
vomer
palatine bone
occipital bone
temporal bone

Question 2

what is the jugular notch?

Answer 2

midline depression between the two sternal heads of the sternocleidomastoid muscle

Question 3

name the sutures of the skull

Answer 3

coronal suture (between frontal and parietal bones)
sagittal suture (along the middle)
lambdoid suture (between parietal bones and occipital)

Question 4

what is the pterion

Answer 4

point at which frontal, sphenoid, temporal, and parietal bones meet.

Middle meningeal artery lies beneath this region

Question 5

name the 3 meninges of the brain

Answer 5

dura mater
arachnoid mater
pia mater

Question 6

what innervates the dura mater?

Answer 6

meningeal branches of trigeminal nerve and CN X

Question 7

Does the arachnoid or pia mater receive any sensory innervation?

Answer 7

NO

Question 8

what are the 4 dural folds in the brain

Answer 8

falx cerebri
falx cerebelli
Tentorium cerebelli
diaphagma sellae

Question 9

what forms the straight sinus?

Answer 9

inferior sagittal sinus

great cerebral vein

Question 10

tell me about the sigmoid sinus

Answer 10

S shaped continuation of the transverse sinus passing inferiormedially into the jugular foramen–> becomes the internal jugular vein

Question 11

where is the limbic part of the brain located?

Answer 11

on top of the corpus callosum

Question 12

what are the ventricles of the ventricular system in the brain?

Answer 12

lateral ventricles x 2
3rd ventricle
4 ventricle

Question 13

where is the primary motor cortex?

Answer 13

in the frontal lobe

Question 14

where is the somatosensory association cortex?

Answer 14

in the parietal lobe

Question 15

what are the 2 apertures in the ventricular system of the brain that leaD CSF into the subarachnoid space?

Answer 15

foramen of lushka

foramen of magendie

Question 16

tell me the general function of the frontal lobe

Answer 16

motor control, expressive speech, personality, and drive

Question 17

tell me the general fn of the parietal lobe

Answer 17

sensory input, receptive speech, integration

Question 18

tell me the general fn of the occipital lobe

Answer 18

visual input and processing

Question 19

tell me the role of the limbic lobe

Answer 19

emotions and autonomic function

Question 20

where does the vertebral artery arise from?

Answer 20

arise from the subclavian arteries through the foramen magnum of the skull

Question 21

tell me the course of the internal carotid artery

Answer 21

arise from the common carotid in the neck, enter carotid canal, traverse to the foramen lacerum to terminate as the middle and anterior cerebral arteries and anastamose with the circle of willis

Question 22

What arteries arise from the vertebral arteries

Answer 22

posterior inferior cerebellar artery

basilar artery

Question 23

what arteries c ome of the basilar artery

Answer 23

anterior inferior cerebellar
superior cerebellar
posterior cerebral

Question 24

where does the middle cerebral artery come off

Answer 24

internal carotid= supplies lateral aspect of cerebral hemispheres

Question 25

what are the layers of the scalp

Answer 25

``` S- skin C- connective tissue A- aponeurosis L- loose connective tissue P- periosteum ```

Question 26

describe the course of the facial nerve

Answer 26

``` emerges from the stylomastoid foramen and passes into the parotid gland, dividing into Temporal Zygomatic buccal mandibular cervical branches ```

Question 27

where does the opthalmic artery arise from?

Answer 27

the internal carotid artery

Question 28

where does the facial artery and superior temporal artery arise from?

Answer 28

external carotid artery

Question 29

what are the bones that make up the bony orbit of the eye?

Answer 29

``` frontal maxillary zygomatic sphenoid palatine ethmoid lacrimal ```

Question 30

what are the 3 fissures behind the orbit of the eye, and what goes through them?

Answer 30

superior orbital fissure= CN 3, 4, 6, V1 with opthalmic vein inferior orbital fissure= CN V2 and infraorbital vessels Optic canal= CN 2 and opthalmic artery

Question 31

what does the superior oblique muscle do

Answer 31

rotates eye laterally, depresses and abducts eye

Question 32

what does the superior rectus do

Answer 32

elevates adducts rotates eye medially

Question 33

what does the inferior oblique do

Answer 33

rotates laterally, abducts, elevates eye

Question 34

tell me about the course of sympathetic innervation of the eye

Answer 34

Arises from upper thoracic intermediolateral cell column T1-T2 sends preganglionic fibres to superior cervical ganglion postganglionic fibres go to the long and short ciliary nerves to eye innervate dilator pupillae and the superior tarsal muscle of upper eyelid

Question 35

what is the optic disc?

Answer 35

non receptive area (blind spot) where retinal ganglion cell nerve axons leave the retina in the optic nerve and pass to the brain

Question 36

what is the TMJ? what type of joint is it?

Answer 36

temporomandibular joint articulating with the condylar process of the mandible and the squamous process of the temporal bone modified hinge synovial joint

Question 37

what are the muscles of mastication?

Answer 37

temporalis masseter lateral pterygoid medial pterygoid

Question 38

what are the ligaments that support the TMJ joint?

Answer 38

stylomandibular sphenomandibular temporomandibular

Question 39

tell me about the location and layers of the parotid gland

Answer 39

occupies the retromandibular space between the mandibular ramus and mastoid process encased in parotid sheath innervated by CN9

Question 40

what accompanies the middle meningeal artery through foramen spinosum?

Answer 40

meningeal nerve from V3

Question 41

what are the terminal branches off the external carotid artery?

Answer 41

maxillary and superficial temporal

Question 42

what are the 4 sinuses?

Answer 42

frontal ethmoid sphenoid maxillary

Question 43

on which wall- medial or lateral wall of the nasal cavity might you find the concha?

Answer 43

lateral wall

Question 44

what are the muscles in the ear that dampan vibrations?

Answer 44

stapedius | tensor tympani

Question 45

name the extrinsic muscles of the tongue | which ones are controlled by the hypoglossal nerve and which are innervated by CN10?

Answer 45

genioglossus hyoglossus styloglossus palatoglossus- CN 10 all other are innervated by CN11

Question 46

what nerve innervates sensation on tongue

Answer 46

chorda tympani lingual glossopharyngeal CN 9

Question 47

which nerve innervates the submandibular and the sublingual gland?

Answer 47

CN 7

Question 48

what are the muscles of the soft palate

Answer 48

``` levator veli palatini tensor veli palatini palatoglossus palatopharyngeus musculus uvulae ```

Question 49

what are the boundaries of the posterior triangle of the neck

Answer 49

SCM trapezius middle third of clavicle

Question 50

what is the anterior triangle of the neck divided into?

Answer 50

submandibular triangle carotid triangle muscular triagnle submental triangle

Question 51

branches of the subclavian artery

Answer 51

vertebral internal thoracic thyrocervical costocervical

Question 52

branches of the external carotid artery

Answer 52

``` superior thyroid ascending pharyngeal lingual facial occipital posterior auricular maxillary superficial temporal ```

Question 53

at what vertebra level does the thyroid gland lie

Answer 53

C five to T1

Question 54

where are the parathyroid glands in relation to the thyroid gland

Answer 54

located on the POSTERIOR aspect of the thyroid gland

Question 55

what are the groups of tonsils that make up Waldeyer's ring extending into the pharynx

Answer 55

tubul pharyngeal palatine lingual

Question 56

where is the anatomical location of the larynx?

Answer 56

located at C3- C6, just superior to the trachea