LL

Question 1

what comprises the quadriceps femoris?

Answer 1

composed of rectus femoris, 3 vastus muscles

Question 2

what is the course and drainage of the small saphenous vein?

Answer 2

drains blood from the lateral dorsal venous arch and posterior leg into the popliteal vein posterior to the knee

Question 3

what is the course of the great saphenous vein?

Answer 3

drains blood from the medial dorsal venous arch, leg and thigh into the femoral vein just inferior to the inguinal ligament

Question 4

what attaches to the lesser trochanter of the femur?

Answer 4

iliopsoas tendon

Question 5

tell me about the roles of the iliofemoral, ischiofemoral and pubofemoral ligaments

Answer 5

iliofemoral- limits hyperextension and lateral rotation

ishiofemoral- limits extension and medial rotation

pubofemoral- limits extension and abduction

Question 6

which is stronger- iliofemoral or ischiofemoral?

Answer 6

iliofemoral ligament

Question 7

what is the other name for the iliofemoral ligament? where is it located?

Answer 7

Y ligament of Bigelow

on the anterior surface of the hip- connecting the acetabulum to intertrochanteric line

Question 8

what type of joint is the hip joint?

Answer 8

classic ball and socket synovial joint

Question 9

what are the arterioes of the hip joints?

Answer 9

medial circumflex- from deep artery of thigh
lateral circumflex- from deep artery of thigh
gluteal branches- anastamoses with circumflex arteries
acetabular branch from obturator artery

Question 10

what carries the acetabular artery to the femoral head?

Answer 10

ligament of head of femur

Question 11

where does the deep artery of thigh arise from?

Answer 11

femoral artery

Question 12

what is the classification of intracapsular femoral neck fractures?

Answer 12

garden classification

Type 1-4 where 4 is completely displaced fracture

Question 13

which nerve innervates the muscles of the anterior thigh?

Answer 13

femoral

Question 14

what comprises the sacral plexus

Answer 14

ventral primary rami of spinal nerves L4-S4

Question 15

where does the superior and inferior gluteal arteries arise from?

Answer 15

the internal iliac artery

Question 16

what neurovascular structures exit through the greater sciatic foramen?

Answer 16

sacral plexus
superior and inferior gluteal arteries
sciatic nerve

Question 17

what are the muscles of the gluteal region?

Answer 17

gluteus maximus
gluteus medius
gluteus minimus
tensor fasciae latae
piriformis
superior and inferior gemelli
obturator internus

Question 18

what nerves innervate the gluteal muscles?

Answer 18

superior and inferior gluteal nerves

Question 19

what is the mode of action for gluteus medius and minimus?

Answer 19

ABDUCTS and medially rotates thigh at hip

Question 20

what is the role of the gluteus maximus muscle?

Answer 20

extends thigh at hip and lateral rotation

Question 21

what part of the femur articulates with the tibia?

Answer 21

distal medial and lateral condyles

Question 22

what kind of bone is the patella?

Answer 22

sesamoid bone

Question 23

what is the vertical ridge running down the femur shaft?

Answer 23

linea aspera

Question 24

what are the main roles of anterior muscles in the thigh?

Answer 24

primary extensors of the hip
but
sartorius, rectus femoris and iliopsoas also flex the hip

Question 25

what type of muscle is contained in the medial compartment of the thigh?

Answer 25

``` ADDUCTORS! adductor longus adductor brevis adductor magnus gracilis obturator extenrus pectineus ```

Question 26

what muscles comprise the posterior compartment of the thigh muscles? tell me about their innervation and role and location. where do they arise from?

Answer 26

semitendinosus (superficial) semimembranosus (deep) biceps femoris (deep short head, superficial long head) all innervated by sciatic nerve (mostly tibial division) are largely FLEXORS of the leg at the knee and extensors of the thigh at the hip all arise from the ischial tuberosity

Question 27

describe the femoral triangle

Answer 27

inguinal ligament sartorius muscle= lateral boundary adductor longus muscle- medial boundary

Question 28

what contains the femoral vessels, the femoral branch of the GF nerve and the lymphatics?

Answer 28

femoral sheath

Question 29

where does the obturator artery arise from? | where does the femoral artery arise from?

Answer 29

internal iliac artery | external iliac artery

Question 30

which hiatus does the femoral artery traverse?

Answer 30

adductor hiatus

Question 31

what consists of the pes anserinus on medial aspect of knee?

Answer 31

semitendinosus gracilis sartorius tendons --> all attaching to medial tibial condyle

Question 32

which nerve innervates the posterior muscles of the leg (calf) which artery supplies them?

Answer 32

the tibial nerve posterior tibial artery

Question 33

what are the main roles of the posterior muscles of the leg?

Answer 33

plantarflexion

Question 34

name the muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg

Answer 34

``` gastrocnemius soleus plantaris popliteus flexor hallucis longus flexor digitorum longus tibialis posterior ```

Question 35

tell me about the anterior compartment muscles in the lower leg. Role artery nerve

Answer 35

primary extensors of the foot- dorsiflexion innervated by deep fibular nerve from the common fibular nerve supplied by the anterior tibial artery

Question 36

tell me about the LATERAL compartment muscles in the lower leg. Role artery nerve

Answer 36

evert the foot innervated by the superficial fibular nerve supplied by the fibular artery which comes off the posterior tibial artery

Question 37

NAME THE MUSCLES IN THE ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THE LOWER LEG

Answer 37

tibialis anterior extensor hallucis longus extensor digitorum longus fibularis tertius

Question 38

where does fibularis tertius attach?

Answer 38

dorsum of base of fifth metatarsal

Question 39

where does the tibialis anterior muscle attach distally?

Answer 39

base of first metatarsal

Question 40

what are the two nerves that are in the lateral compartment of the leg?

Answer 40

fibularis longus and brevis

Question 41

what are the 7 tarsal bones of the foot?

Answer 41

talus and calcaneus navicular 3 x cuneiforms cuboid

Question 42

what are the components of the lateral collateral ligament of ankle?

Answer 42

anterior talofibular ligament posterior talofibular ligament calcaneofibular ligament

Question 43

what is the ligament running along the sole of the foot?

Answer 43

long plantar

Question 44

what are the components of the medial collateral ligament of the ankle?

Answer 44

posterior tibiotalar tibiocalcaneal tibionavicular anterior tibiotalar

Question 45

tell me about the retinaculums in the ankle?

Answer 45

superior and inferior extensor retinaculum on anterior surface flexor retinaculum on medial side of foot extending to medial malleolus

Question 46

where does the dorsalis pedis branch arise from?

Answer 46

anterior tibial artery

Question 47

how many layers of the intrinsic muscles of the foot are there

Answer 47

4

Question 48

what is the difference in function for plantar interossei and dorsal interossei in the foot?

Answer 48

plantar- adduct | dorsal- abduct

Question 49

how might we test the integrity of the femoral nerve?

Answer 49

patella tendon reflex L3,L4

Question 50

what are some branches of the femoral nerve?

Answer 50

anterior cutaneous branches | saphenous nerve

Question 51

where is the cutaneous innervation of the femoral nerve? anatomically?

Answer 51

on the medial -anterior aspect of the lower limb

Question 52

what is the cutaneous innervation of the obturator nerve?

Answer 52

medial thigh

Question 53

what nerve are we testing with the ankle jerk?

Answer 53

sciatic

Question 54

where does the lateral and medial plantar nerves arise from?

Answer 54

tibial nerve

Question 55

where does the medial and lateral sural nerves arise from?

Answer 55

medial- tibial branch of sciatic | lateral- common fibular nerve

Question 56

2 branches of the common fibular nerve?

Answer 56

deep and superficial fibular nerves

Question 57

which nerve supplies the sensory part of the 1st web space on the foot

Answer 57

deep fibular nerve