Head and Neck

Question 1

What bones make up the calvaria?

Answer 1

frontal, parietal, occipital

Question 2

How are the bones of the calvaria formed?

Answer 2

Intramembranous ossification

Question 3

What is special about the shape of the calvaria?

Answer 3

Convex shape resists impact.

Question 4

What are the fontanelles?

Answer 4

membrane-covered parts of the skull where sutures form.

Question 5

What does a bulging or tense fontanelle indicate?

Answer 5

increased intracranial pressure

Question 6

What do sunken fontanelles indicate?

Answer 6

Decreased intracranial pressure, usually due to dehydration.

Question 7

What are the 3 cranial fossae?

Answer 7

Anterior, middle, and posterior.

Question 8

What makes up the anterior cranial fossa?

Answer 8

Frontal bone, crista galli, cribiform plate of ethmoid, lesser wings of the sphenoid

Question 9

What structures does the anterior cranial fossa contain?

Answer 9

Frontal lobe, CN I (olfactory n.)

Question 10

What makes up the middle cranial fossa?

Answer 10

Sphenoid, temporal bones.

Question 11

What structures does the middle cranial fossa contain?

Answer 11

sella tursica, optic canal, superior orbital fissure, foramen ovale

Question 12

GFFWhat lobe of the brain rests in the middle cranial fossa?

Answer 12

Temporal lobes.

Question 13

Where are the sinuses?

Answer 13

Ethmoid, sphenoid, maxilla, frontal, temporal

Question 14

What innervates the gums and teeth?

Answer 14

Alveolar nerve

Question 15

What does the mandible hold?

Answer 15

Lower row of teeth in gomphosis joint at alveolar processes

Question 16

What type of joint is the TMJ?

Answer 16

Synovial joint with an Articular disc.

Question 17

What is the articulation for the TMJ?

Answer 17

Between the fibular portion of the mandible and the mandibular fossa and Articular tubercle of the temporal bone.

Question 18

Which nerve innervates the TMJ?

Answer 18

Mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve

Question 19

What is the hyoid bone suspended from?

Answer 19

The stylohyoid ligaments from the stupid processes of the temporal bones.

Question 20

What are the parts of the hyoid bone?

Answer 20

Body, 2 less coruna, and 2 greater coruna

Question 21

What is unique about the hyoid bone?

Answer 21

It is the only bone in the human body that does not articulate with any other bone.

Question 22

What is the hyoid an attachment point for?

Answer 22

Muscles responsible for speech and swallowing.

Question 23

What bones make up the bony orbit?

Answer 23

Frontal, maxillary, ethmoid, sphenoid, lacrimal, zygomatic, and palantine

Question 24

What are the bony projections on the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?

Answer 24

The conchae

Question 25

What bone do the superior and middle conchae come from?

Answer 25

The ethmoid bone.

Question 26

What are the inferior conchae?

Answer 26

Individual bones

Question 27

What does the roof of the nasal cavity contain?

Answer 27

Receptors from the olfactory nerve.

Question 28

What is the nasal septum made from?

Answer 28

Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid, vomer, and cartilage

Question 29

What do the conchae do?

Answer 29

Warm and filter inhaled air and the mucosa traps antigens.

Question 30

What are sutures in the skill?

Answer 30

Fibrous joints between the bones of the skull.

Question 31

What are the names if the sutures in the skull?

Answer 31

Coronal, sagiattal, lambdoidal, squamosal

Question 32

What are the names of the junctions of the sutures in the skull?

Answer 32

Bregma, lamda, pterion

Question 33

Where is the coronal suture?

Answer 33

Between the frontal and parietal bones.

Question 34

Where is the sagiattal suture?

Answer 34

Between the parietals.

Question 35

Where is the lambdoidal suture?

Answer 35

Between the parietal and occiput.

Question 36

Where is the squamosal suture?

Answer 36

Between the parietal and temporal lobes.

Question 37

What is the bregma?

Answer 37

Junction of the corona and sagittal sutures.

Question 38

What is the lamda?

Answer 38

Junction between the lambdoidal and sagittal sutures.

Question 39

What is the pterion?

Answer 39

The junction of the frontal, parietal, temporal, and sphenoid bones.

Question 40

What are the sphincter muscles of facial expression?

Answer 40

Orbicularis oculi, orbicularis oris

Question 41

What nerve innervates the muscles of facial expression?

Answer 41

Facial nerve (CN VII)

Question 42

What are the dilator muscles of mastication?

Answer 42

Temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid

Question 43

Which nerve innervates the muscles of mastication?

Answer 43

Trigeminal nerve (CN V)

Question 44

What are the movements of the jaw?

Answer 44

Elevation, depression, protraction, retraction

Question 45

Where do the sutures ligaments that connect the cranial bones come from?

Answer 45

Remaining, unossified sheets of mesenchyme from intramembranous ossification.

Question 46

What is the action of the medial pterygoid?

Answer 46

Elevation and protrusion.

Question 47

What is the action of the lateral pterygoid?

Answer 47

Depression and protrusion.

Question 48

What is the action of the temporalis?

Answer 48

Elevation and retraction.

Question 49

What is the action of the masseter?

Answer 49

Elevation and protraction.

Question 50

What are the 2 regions of the anterior neck?

Answer 50

Anterior triangle and posterior triangle.

Question 51

What is the anterior triangle of the neck bordered by?

Answer 51

Sternocleidomastojd, the inferior border of the mandible, and the anterior midline of the neck.

Question 52

What is the posterior triangle of the neck bordered by?

Answer 52

Sternocleidomastoid, the clavicle, and the trapezius.

Question 53

What are the muscles of deglutition and speech?

Answer 53

Digastric, mylohyoid, sternohyoid, omohyoid, cricothyroid, thyrohyoid, sternothyroid

Question 54

What muscles of speech/deglutition are innervated by the trigeminal nerve?

Answer 54

Anterior belly of the digastric, mylohyoid

Question 55

What muscles of speech/deglutition are innervated by the facial nerve?

Answer 55

Posterior belly of the digastric

Question 56

What muscles of speech/deglutition are innervated by the ansa cervicalis nerve?

Answer 56

Sternohyoid, omohyoid, sternothyroid

Question 57

What muscle of speech/deglutition are innervated by the vagus nerve?

Answer 57

Cricothyroid

Question 58

What muscle of speech/deglutition are innervated by the first cervical nerves via the hypoglossal nerve?

Answer 58

Thyrohyoid

Question 59

Where does the facial nerve exit the skull?

Answer 59

Stylomastoid foramen

Question 60

What are the five divisions of the facial nerve?

Answer 60

Temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, cervical

Question 61

What is the function of the facial nerve?

Answer 61

Provides motor innervation to the muscles of facial expression.

Question 62

What is the function of the trigeminal nerve?

Answer 62

Provides sensory innervation to the face.

Question 63

What are the 3 branches of the trigeminal nerve?

Answer 63

Ophthalmic division (V1), Maxillary Division (V2), Mandibular Division (V3)

Question 64

What are the 2 primary arteries to the face?

Answer 64

Facial artery and superficial temporal artery.

Question 65

Where does the facial artery arise from?

Answer 65

external carotid artery

Question 66

Where does the facial artery travel in the face?

Answer 66

Superiorly, around the lower border of the mandible, towards the midline of the face

Question 67

Where does the superficial temporal artery arise from?

Answer 67

External carotid artery

Question 68

Where does the superficial temporal artery travel in the face?

Answer 68

Ascends posterior to the mandible but anterior to the ear.

Question 69

Where does the facial vein originate?

Answer 69

Just under the bony orbit.

Question 70

What does the facial vein drain into?

Answer 70

Internal jugular vein.

Question 71

What is the route of the facial vein?

Answer 71

Just under the bony orbit, descends obliquely towards the inferiolateral border of the mandible, into the internal jugular vein.

Question 72

What does the facial vein communicate with?

Answer 72

Superior ophthalmic vein and deeper into the cavernous sinus.

Question 73

What is a potential route of infection in the facial vein?

Answer 73

The communication between the facial vein and the ophthalmic vein, deeper into the cavernous sinus. From the face to the cranial dural sinus.

Question 74

What do the lymphatics of the face follow?

Answer 74

Major blood vessels.

Question 75

Where do the lymphatics of the face drain?

Answer 75

Inferiorly towards the heart.

Question 76

Are the facial lymphatics normally palpable?

Answer 76

No, though they may be enlarged in infection or inflammatory states.