Head and Neck Anatomy Flashcards
(225 cards)
1
Q
Landmarks of the anatomy are usually ________ or ____ ______ structures that are easily recognizable
A
Skeletal, soft tissue
2
Q
What are landmarks used for? (2)
A
Used as reference points in describing the locations of anatomical structure
Or for taking measurements
3
Q
What are the landmarks of the face? (8)
A
Ala of the nose Nasolabial groove Philtrum Vermillion border Vermillion zone Tubercle of the lip Labial commissures Labial-mental groove
4
Q
Importance of Landmarks of the Face to Dental Assistant:
Dental assistants may notice _____ or _____ around ____, _____, or ____ areas; knowing the normal landmarks of the face, they can use correct ___________ to describe any _________ and record info as ______ _______
A
Scars, sores, nose, mouth, chin, terminology, deviation, health history
5
Q
What can facial scars sometimes indicate? (3)
A
The person has been in an accident
May have had x-rays taken
Possibly had a surgery
6
Q
Importance of Landmarks of the Face to Dental Assistant:
He/she may have ________ or had a _____ _____/___
Knowing this info may assist in the details of ______ _______ and _________ ____
A
Seizures, cleft plate/lip, health history, treatment plan
7
Q
Understanding landmarks of the oral cavity can aid the dental assistant in what? (4)
A
Taking radiographs
Placing topical anaesthetic
Recognizing healthy tissue
Recording info or medical history on patient’s chart
8
Q
What are the landmarks of the oral cavity? (12)
A
Vestibule Vestibule fornix Labial mucosa Buccal mucosa Parotid papilla Stensen's duct Linea alba Fordyce's spots Alveolar mucosa Gingiva Labial frenum Buccal frenum
9
Q
What is the linea alba?
A
Raised white line that runs parallel to where teeth meet on buccal mucosa
10
Q
Where is the palate area of oral cavity?
A
On the inside of maxillary teeth, the “roof of the mouth”
11
Q
What is the palate divided into?
A
Hard and soft sections
12
Q
What is the hard palate?
A
Bony plate covered with pink to brownish pink keratinized tissue
13
Q
What is the soft palate?
A
Covers muscle tissue, darker-pink or yellowish
14
Q
What sections of the palate are anterior and posterior?
A
Hard palate: Anterior
Soft palate: Posterior
15
Q
What does the hard palate include? (3)
A
Incisive papilla
Palatine rugae
Palatine raphe
16
Q
What is the incisive papilla?
A
On the hard palate, raised area of tissue lying behind maxillary central incisions
17
Q
What does the soft palate and oropharynx include? (5)
A
Uvula Anterior tonsillar pillars Posterior tonsillar pillars Palative tonsils Fauces
18
Q
Importance of Landmarks of Oral cavity to dental assistant:
Dental assistant should be aware that certain _____ cause patient to ____ _____ __ _____
A
Drugs, lose sense of taste
19
Q
What is the average lifespan of taste buds?
A
10-10 1/2 days
20
Q
What drug can possibly kill taste buds?
A
Cancer treatment drugs
21
Q
How long does it take for a patient’s taste to return?
A
Around 10 days
22
Q
What does the tongue include? (6)
A
Sulcus terminalis Circumvallate papilla Filiform papillae Fungiform papillae Foliate papilla Median sulcus on the dorsal or top surface of the tongue
23
Q
What are papilla?
A
Small, raised projections where taste buds are located, anterior to the sulcus, covering the dorsal side of the tongue
24
Q
What is the lingual frenum?
A
A line of tissue extending from the tongue to the floor of the mouth, in the middle of the ventral side of the tongue
25
What does the floor of the mouth include? (3)
Sublingual caruncles
Sublingual folds
Sublingual sulcus
26
What is the sublingual caruncles?
Two small, raised folds of tissue where the lingual frenum attaches to the floor of the mouth, one on either side of the frenum
27
How many major pairs of salivary glands supply the oral cavity with saliva? What are they called?
3 major pairs:
Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual
28
What is the function of saliva glands?
To secrete saliva to assist in the process of digestion
29
What is saliva?
A clear fluid secreted by the salivary and mucous glands throughout the mouth
30
What does the viscosity of saliva depend on?
Individual's chemical makeup
Diet
Medications
31
What does saliva contain? (4)
Water
Mucin
Organic salts
Digestive enzyme(ptyalin)
32
What is the function of saliva? (3)
Moisten and lubricate the oral cavity
Moisten food
Aiding in the mastication and swallowing of food
33
What is mastication?
Chewing
34
Identify:
| Viral infection of parotid glands
Mumps
35
What are symptoms of mumps? Who is often affected by mumps?
Swelling and tenderness
| Children between ages 5 and 15
36
How many sections is the skull divided into? What are the sections?
Two sections
| Cranium and face
37
What is the function of the cranium?
Covers and protects the brain
38
How many bones is the cranium composed of?
8
39
How many bones is the face composed of? Includes what bones?
14
| Maxilla and the mandible
40
Bones of the cranium:
| Forms the forehead, the main portion of the roof of the eye socket (orbit), and part of the nasal cavity
Frontal bone
41
The frontal bone forms the ________, the main portion of the ____ of the ___ ______, and part of the _____ ______
Forehead, roof, eye socket, nasal cavity
42
What is the eye socket known as?
Orbit
43
Bones of the cranium:
| Form most of the roof of the skull and the upper half of the sides
Parietal bones
44
The parietal bones form most of the ____ of the _____ and the _____ ____ of the _____
Roof, skull, upper half, sides
45
Bones of the cranium:
| Form the lower sides and the base of the skull
Temporal bones
46
Are the temporal bones located above or below the parietal bones?
Below
47
What are the landmarks of the temporal bones? (4)
External auditory meatus
Mastoid process
Glenoid fossa
Styloid process
48
What are the only paired bones on the skull? (2)
Parietal bones
| Temporal bones
49
Bones of the cranium:
| Forms the back and base of the skull
Occipital bone
50
The occipital bone forms the ____ and ____ of the _____
Back, base, skull
51
The occipital bone contains what large opening? What passes through this large opening?
Foramen magnum
| Spinal cord
52
Bones of the cranium:
| Is a wedge-shaped bone that goes across the skull anterior to the temporal bones
Sphenoid bone
53
Describe the sphenoid bone
Single continuous bone, shaped like a bat with its wings spread
54
Bones of the cranium:
| Forms part of the nose, orbits, and floor of the cranium
Ethmoid bone
55
The sphenoid bone is a ______-______ bone that goes ______ the _____ ________ to the ________ _____
Wedge-shaped, across, skull anterior, temporal bones
56
The ethmoid bone forms part of the ____, ______, and _____ of the _______
Nose, orbits, floor, cranium
57
List the eight bones of the cranium
```
Frontal
Parietal 1
Parietal 2
Temporal 1
Temporal 2
Occipital
Sphenoid
Ethmoid
```
58
Bones of the face:
| Form the bridge of the nose
Nasal bones
59
Nasal bones forms the ______ of the ____
Bridge, nose
60
Bones of the face:
| Is a single bone on the inside of the nasal cavity
Vomer bone
61
The vomer bone is a ______ bone on the ______ of the _____ ______
Single, inside, nasal cavity
62
Bones of the face:
| Scroll-like bones on the outside of the nasal cavities
Inferior nasal conchae
63
The inferior nasal conchae are a ______-like bones on the _______ of the _____ ________
Scroll, outside, nasal cavities
64
Bones of the face:
| Small and very delicate bones
Lacrimal bones
65
Lacrimal bones are _____ and very ________
Small, delicate
66
Bones of the face:
| Forms the cheeks
Zygomatic bones
67
The zygomatic bones form the ______
Cheeks
68
Bones of the face:
| The largest of the facial bones and is composed of two sections of bone joined at the median suture
Maxillae
69
The maxillae is the largest of the ______ _____ and is composed of ___ sections of bone joined at the ______ ______
Facial bones, two, median suture
70
Bones of the face:
| Joined at the midline, often referred to as the median palatine suture
Palatine bones
71
The palatine bones are joined at the _______, often referred to as the ______ ________ ______
Midline, median palatine suture
72
Bones of the face:
| The only movable bone of the face
Mandible
73
The mandible is the only _______ bone of the face
Movable
74
Describe the mandible
Horseshoe-shaped body that is horizontal, with two vertical extensions called rami
75
What are the vertical extensions of the mandible called?
Rami
76
Mandible:
| On the inside of the body of the _____ is the __________ _______, which is the beginning of the ________ _______ _____
Ramus, mandibular foramen, internal oblique ridge
77
In the centre of the mandible on the external surface is a concave area where two bones of the mandible are fused, what is this space called?
Symphysis
78
The symphysis is in the ______ of the mandible on the ________ _______ is a _______ area where ___ bones of the mandible are _____
Centre, external surface, concave, two, fused
79
What is the tip of the chin called?
Mental protuberance
80
What is the importance of bones of head and face? (2)
Understanding landmarks on radiographs
| Identifying anatomy whilst assisting during surgical procedure
81
How many bones is the face comprised of?
14
82
How many bones of the face are single?
2
83
How many pairs of bones are there on the face?
6
84
What are all the bones of the face?
```
Nasal 1
Nasal 2
Vomer
Inferior nasal conchae 1
Inferior nasal conchae 2
Lacrimal 1
Lacrimal 2
Maxillae 1
Maxillae 2
Zygomatic 1
Zygomatic 2
Palatine 1
Palatine 2
Mandible
```
85
What does TMJ stand for?
Temporomandibular Joint
86
What is the TMJ named for?
The temporal and mandible bones
87
How many parts is the TMJ composed of? What are the parts?
Glenoid fossa
Articular eminence
Condyloid process
88
What is the TMJ?
The union of the two bones - temporal and mandible bones
89
The glenoid fossa is part of the:
Temporal bone
90
The articular eminence is part of the:
Temporal bone
91
The condyloid process is part of the:
Mandible
92
Describe the TMJ
Condyle of the mandible articulating with the glenoid fossa and the articular eminence of the temporal bone
93
What is between the condyle and temporal bone?
Articular disc
94
What is an articular disc also known as?
Meniscus
95
Where does the hinge motion occur?
In the lower joint cavity when the mouth opens
96
How does the hinge motion begin?
Condyles and discs begin by rotating anteriorly
97
As the motion continues and the mouth opens wider, there's an ________ _______ ______ as well
Anterior gliding motion
98
The anterior gliding motion involves both the _____ and ______ cavities
Upper, lower
99
Does gliding continue during protrusion and lateral movements of the mandible during mastication?
Yes
100
Each muscle has what 2 things?
Origin and insertion
101
What is the fixed point and movable point of a muscle?
Origin is the fixed point
| Insertion is the movable point
102
What do the muscles of the head and neck include? (7)
```
Muscles of mastication
Muscles of facial expression
Muscles of the floor of the mouth
Muscles of the tongue
Muscles of the soft palate
The pharynx
Muscles of the neck
```
103
What are the four pairs of muscles of mastication?
Temporal, masseter, medial(internal) pterygoids, lateral(external) pterygoids
104
Identify the origin, insertion, and function of:
| Temporal muscle
Origin: Fan-shaped across the temporal fossa of the temporal bone
Insertion: Inserts into the coronoid process of the mandible and down the anterior border of the remus
Function: Elevates the mandible (closing the jaw), contraction of the posterior fibres retracts the mandible
105
What group of muscles does the temporal muscle belong?
Muscles of mastication
106
Identify the origin, insertion, and function of:
| Masseter
Origin: Two portions; Superficial(strong, tendinous fibres from zygomatic process of maxilla and from the anterior two thirds of the lower border of the zygomatic arch), and deep portion (muscular and smaller from the medial aspect and inferior border of the posterior one-third of the zygomatic arch)
Insertion: Superficial(insert into the angle and lower border of the mandible), Deep(inserts into the upper section of the remus and lateral surface of coronoid process)
Function: Strong elevator of the jaw; Easily seen when the teeth are clenched
107
What group of muscles does the masseter muscle belong to?
Muscles of mastication
108
Identify the origin, insertion, and function of:
| Medial(internal) pterygoids
Origin: Medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone, the lateral portion of the palatine bone, and the maxillary tuberosity
Insertion: Insert into the interior surface of the angle of the mandible (opposite the insertion of the masseter muscle)
Function: Elevates the mandible
109
What group of muscles does the medial (internal) pterygoids belong to?
Muscles of mastication
110
Identify the origin, insertion, and function of:
| Lateral (external) pterygoids
Origin: Superior portion(from the lateral surface of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone), Inferior portion(from the lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate)
Insertion: Superior portion(inserts into the articular capsule of the temporomandibular joint), Inferior portion(inserts into the neck of the condyle of the mandible)
Function: Opens jaw by depressing the mandible, both lateral pterygoid muscles contract means the jaw protrudes, if only one contracts the mandible shifts laterally
111
What are the major muscles of facial expression? (4)
Orbicularis oris
Buccinator
Mentalis
Zygomatic major
112
What do muscles of facial expression allow?
Wide variety of facial expressions, including smiling and whistling
113
What are the muscles of facial expression innervated by?
Facial nerve
114
What is the facial nerve also known as?
Seventh cranial nerve
115
Identify the origin, insertion, and function of:
| Orbicularis oris
Origin: Complex; there is no skeletal attachment, originates from muscle fibres that surround the mouth
Insertion: Inserts into itself and the surrounding skin
Function: Closing the lips or protruding them
116
Identify the origin, insertion, and function of:
| Buccinator
Origin: Alveolar processes of the maxilla and the mandible and the pterygomandibular raphe
Insertion: Inserts into the corners of the mouth, becoming part of the muscles that surround the mouth
Function: Compresses the cheeks against the teeth to assist during mastication, assists in blowing air out of the mouth
117
Identify the origin, insertion, and function of:
| Mentalis
Origin: Incisive fossa of the mandible
Insertion: Inserts into the skin of the chin
Function: Wrinkles the skin of the chin and protrudes the lower lip
118
Identify the origin, insertion, and function of:
| Zygomatic major
Origin: Zygomatic bone
Insertion: Inserts into the corners of the mouth
Function: Lifts the corners of the mouth upward and backward, as in smiling
119
What groups are the muscles of the tongue divided into? (2)
Intrinsic
| Extrinsic
120
Describe the intrinsic muscles of the tongue (4)
```
All within the tongue
Responsible for shaping the tongue during:
Speech
Mastication
Swallowing
```
121
Describe the extrinsic muscles of the tongue (3)
There are 4 extrinsic muscles
| They assist in the movement and functioning of the tongue
122
What are the four extrinsic muscles of the tongue?
Genioglossus
Hyoglossus
Styloglossus
Palatoglossus
123
What group of muscles do the orbicularis oris belong to?
Muscles of facial expression
124
What group of muscles do the buccinator belong to?
Muscles of facial expression
125
What group of muscles do the mentalis belong to?
Muscles of facial expression
126
What group of muscles do the zygomatic major belong to?
Muscles of facial expression
127
Identify the origin, insertion, and function of:
| Genioglossus
Origin: Genial tubercle in the centre of the lingual of the mandible
Insertion: Fans out to insert in the inferior surface of the tongue and to the hyoid bone
Function: Most of the work of the tongue, protrudes the tongue and retracts of depresses the tongue
128
What groups of muscles do the genioglossus belong to?
Muscles of the tongue
129
Identify the origin, insertion, and function of:
| Hyoglossus
Origin: Hyoid bone
Insertion: Runs vertically to insert in the inferior sides of the tongue
Function: Mainly depresses the tongue
130
What group of muscles do the hyoglossus belong to?
Muscles of the tongue
131
Identify the origin, insertion, and function of:
| Styloglossus
Origin: Anterior surface of the styloid process of the temporal bone
Insertion: Part of the styloglossus inserts in the sides of the tongue while the rest of the muscle continues forward to the tip of the tongue
Function: Retracts the tongue and raises the tip of the tongue
132
What group of muscles do the styloglossus belong to?
Muscles of the tongue
133
What is the hyoid bone?
A horseshoe-shaped bone lying at the base of the tongue
134
What is the horseshoe-shaped bone lying at the base of the tongue called?
The hyoid bone
135
_______ __ ___ ______ and the ______ __ ___ _____ attach to the hyoid bone for support
Muscles of the tongue
| Floor of the mouth
136
Where are the muscles of the floor of the mouth located?
Between the mandible and the hyoid bone
137
What are the 4 muscles of the floor of the mouth?
Digastric
Mylohyoid
Stylohyoid
Geniohyoid
138
Identify the origin, insertion, and function of:
| Digastric
Origin: Two portions (bellies), posterior (originates from the mastoid process of the temporal bone), anterior (begins on the lingual surface of the mandible at the midline)
Insertion: Both insert into the intermediate tendon on the hyoid bone
Function: Together (lift the hyoid bone and assist in opening the mouth), posterior (draws the hyoid bone posteriorly), anterior (pulls the hyoid bone anteriorly)
139
What group of muscles do the digastric belong to?
Muscles of the floor of the mouth
140
Identify the origin, insertion, and function of:
| Mylohyoid
Origin: Composed of left and right halves that join at the midline of the mandible; From the midline each half attaches in a fan shape to the last molar area, thus following the mylohyoid line
Insertion: Inserts into the body of the hyoid bone
Function: Forms the floor of the mouth and assists in depressing the mandible and elevating the tongue
141
What are the two portions of the digastric muscles called?
Bellies
142
What group of muscles do the mylohyoid belong to?
Muscles of the floor of the mouth
143
Identify the origin, insertion, and function of:
| Stylohyoid
The styloid process of the temporal bone
Insertion: Inserts into the body of the hyoid bone
Function: Draws the hyoid bone superiorly and posteriorly and stabilizes it
144
What group of muscles do the stylohyoid belong to?
Muscles of the floor of the mouth
145
Identify the origin, insertion, and function of:
| Geniohyoid
Origin: Above the mylohyoid muscle, the geniohyoid originates from the genial tubercle of the mandible
Insertion: Inserts into the anterior portion of the hyoid bone
Function: Pulls the hyoid bone and the tongue anteriorly
146
What group of muscles do the geniohyoid muscles belong to?
Muscles of the floor of the mouth
147
What are the two muscles of the soft palate?
Palatoglossus muscle
| Palatopharyngeal muscle
148
Identify the origin, insertion, and function of:
| Palatoglossus
Origin: This muscle forms the anterior arch on each side of the throat and arises from the soft palate
Insertion: Inserts along the posterior side of the tongue
Function: Elevates the posterior portion of the tongue and narrows the fauces
149
What group of muscles do the palatoglossus muscles belong to?
Muscles of the soft palate
150
Identify the origin, insertion, and function of:
| Palatopharyngeal
Origin: This muscle forms the posterior arch on each side of the throat and also arises from the soft palate
Insertion: Inserts into the thyroid cartilage and the wall of the pharynx
Function: Constricts the nasopharyngeal passage and elevates the larynx
151
What group of muscles do the palatopharyngeal muscle belong to?
Muscles of the soft palate
152
What is the swallowing process known as?
Deglutition
153
What are the soft palate muscles innervated by?
Pharyngeal plexus
154
What is the function of the muscles of the soft palate?
Raise the soft palate during the swallowing process
155
How many neck muscles are there?
3
156
What are the three neck muscles?
Platysma
Trapezius
Sternocleidomastoid
157
How does the knowledge of neck muscles help the dental assistant?
Helps to perform chairside functions in positions that are not tiring and will not cause injury
158
Identify the origin, insertion, and function of:
| Platysma
Origin: Clavicle and the shoulder
Insertion: Inserts into the inferior border of the mandible
Function: This sheet of muscle draws down the mandible as well as the corners of the mouth and the lower lip
159
What group of muscles do the platysma belong to?
Muscles of the neck
160
Identify the origin, insertion, and function of:
| Trapezius
Origin: Protuberance on the occipital bone
Insertion: Inserts into the clavicle and shoulders
Function: This large muscle moves the head backward and laterally
161
What group of muscles do the trapezius belong to?
Muscles of the neck
162
Identify the origin, insertion, and function of:
| Sternocleidomastoid
Origin: The top of the sternum and the clavicle
Insertion: Inserts into the mastoid process and the anterior of the occipital bone
Function: One on each side of the neck assists in elevating the chin
163
What group of muscles do the sternocleidomastoid belong to?
Muscles of the neck
164
How many cranial nerves innervate the face and oral cavity?
4
165
What are the four cranial nerves that innervate the face and oral cavity?
Trigeminal nerve
Facial nerve
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Hypoglossal nerve
166
What is the largest cranial nerve?
The trigeminal nerve
167
What is the most important cranial nerve to dental auxiliaries? Why?
Trigeminal nerve
| This cranial nerve innervates the maxilla and the mandible
168
How many branches do the trigeminal nerve divide into?
3
169
Where does the trigeminal nerve divide?
At the semi-lunar (gasserian) ganglion
170
What are the three branches do the trigeminal nerve divide into?
Ophthalmic nerve branch
Maxillary nerve branch
Mandibular nerve branch
171
What type of nerve is the maxillary nerve branch?
Sensory nerve
172
What does the maxillary nerve branch innervate? (9)
```
Nose
Cheeks
Palate
Gingiva
Maxillary teeth
Maxillary sinus
Tonsils
Nasopharynx
Other facial structures
```
173
How many branches does the maxillary nerve branch divide into?
4
174
What are the 4 branches that the maxillary nerve branch divide into?
Zygomatic
Infraorbital
Posterior superior alveolar
Pterygopalatine
175
How many branches do the zygomatic branch of the maxillary nerve branch divide into?
3
176
What are the 3 branches the the zygomatic branch divided into?
Greater palatine nerve
Lesser palatine nerve
Nasopalatine nerve
177
What nerve is the maxillary nerve branch a part of?
Trigeminal nerve
178
Two nerves come from the infraorbital nerve before it exits through the ____________ _______
Infraorbital foramen
179
What two nerves come from the infraorbital nerve before it exits?
Middle superior alveolar nerve
| Anterior alveolar nerve
180
The posterior superior alveolar nerves branches ________ from the maxillary nerve
Downward
181
What does the posterior superior alveolar nerve supply? (4)
Gingiva
Maxillary sinus
Cheeks
Maxillary molars (with one exception)
182
What is the one exception to the maxillary molars that the posterior superior alveolar nerve supplies?
The mesial buccal root of the first molar, which is innervated by the middle superior alveolar nerve
183
What does the zygomatic nerve innervate? (3)
Orbicularis oculi
Area around the eye
Area around and behind the zygomatic arch
184
What is the largest division of the trigeminal nerve?
Mandibular nerve branch
185
What is the mandibular nerve branch composed of?
Sensory and motor neurons
186
What are the three branches of the mandibular nerve?
Buccal
Lingual
Inferior alveolar
187
How many branches does the mandibular nerve have?
3
188
Where does the buccal nerve branch pass through?
Buccinator muscle to the cheek
189
What does the buccal muscle innervate? (3)
Buccal mucosa
Buccal gingiva
Buccal of the mandibular molars
190
Where is the lingual nerve branch?
Descends from the mandibular nerve to the underside of the tongue and extends from the posterior to the anterior of the mouth
191
Where is the inferior alveolar nerve branch?
Descends from the mandibular nerve and runs parallel to the lingual nerve
192
What is the first branch of the inferior alveolar nerve branch?
Mylohyoid nerve branch
193
What does the mylohyoid nerve branch supply?
Mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric muscle
194
What supplies blood to most of the head and neck?
Common carotid
195
As the common carotid ascends up the neck, it divides into the ________ and ________ carotid arteries
Internal
| External
196
The internal carotid artery supplies blood to the _____ and ____
Brain
| Eyes
197
The external carotid artery supplies blood to the ____ and ____ ______ and has many ________
Face
Oral cavity
Branches
198
Where does the external carotid artery branches go? (5)
```
Throat
Tongue
Face
Ears
Wall of the cranium
```
199
Branches are named according to the areas they supply and are nearer the surface (more ___________)
Superficial
200
Describe the lingual artery branch
About even with the hyoid bone
201
Where does the lingual artery branch supply? (5)
```
Has branches that supply:
The entire tongue
Floor of the mouth
Lingual gingiva
A portion of the soft palate
Tonsils
```
202
Describe the facial artery
Above the lingual artery, near the angle of the mandible
| Branches across the mandible to the corners of the mouth and then upward toward the eye
203
How many branches does the facial artery have?
6
204
Where does the facial artery supply? (9)
```
Pharynx muscles
Soft palate
Tonsils
Posterior of the tongue
Submandibular gland
Muscles of the face
Nasal septum
Nose
Eyelids
```
205
What is the largest of the branches of the external carotid artery?
The maxillary artery
206
Describe the maxillary artery
Moves anteriorly across the ramus of the mandible, near the condyle, and supplies facial structures
207
How many sections is the maxillary artery split into?
3
208
What are the three sections of the maxillary artery?
Mandibular
Pterygoid
Pterygopalatine
209
Describe the mandibular artery
Behind the ramus of the mandible
210
How many arteries does the mandibular artery branch into?
Five arteries
211
Where does the pterygoid artery supply blood to? (4)
Temporal muscles
Masseter muscles
Pterygoid muscles
Buccinator muscles
212
How many branches does the pterygopalatine artery branch into?
5
213
What branches does the pterygopalatine artery split into? (5)
```
Posterior superior alveolar artery
Infraorbital artery
Middle superior alveolar artery
Anterior superior alveolar artery
Greater palatine artery
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214
Some of the _____ of the face and oral cavity are located with corresponding ________ and have similar names
Veins
| Arteries
215
What vein drains the facial structures?
Facial vein
216
Describe the facial vein
Drains the facial structures
| Beginning near the eye and descending toward the mandible
217
What is one of the tributaries of the facial vein?
Deep facial vein
218
Describe the deep facial vein
Connects the facial vein to the pterygoid plexus of veins
219
What is the jugular vein split into?
External
| Internal
220
Describe the external jugular vein
Drains the superficial veins of the face and neck into the subclavian vein
221
Describe the internal jugular vein
Receives blood from the cranium, face, and neck, and drains into the brachiocephalic vein, and then into the superior vena cava, which drains into the heart
222
Where does the external jugular vein drain into?
Subclavian vein
223
Where does the superior vena cava drain into?
Heart
224
Where does the internal jugular vein receive blood from?
Cranium
Face
Neck
225
Where does the internal jugular vein drain into?
Brachiocephalic vein
