Tooth Morphology Flashcards
(141 cards)
1
Q
What is tooth morphology?
A
The study of the form and structure of teeth
2
Q
Define dentition
A
Natural teeth in position
3
Q
What is the natural dentition?
A
Two arches:
Maxillary arch
Mandibular arch
4
Q
The maxillary arch is the _____ arch and the mandibular arch is the _____ arch
A
Upper
Lower
5
Q
Each arch has the _________ number of teeth
A
Identical
6
Q
Which are is fixed and which arch is movable?
A
Maxillary arch is fixed
Mandibular arch is movable
7
Q
When in proper alignment the teeth in the maxillary arch slightly _______ the mandibular teeth
A
Overlap
8
Q
Dental arches are divided in two halves by an imaginary line known as the:
A
Midline
9
Q
The midline creates two sections called:
A
Quadrants (Dental Quadrants)
10
Q
How many quadrants are there?
A
4
11
Q
How many teeth are found in each quadrant?
A
8
12
Q
Are teeth arranged identically in each quadrant?
A
Identically
13
Q
What can dentition also be divided into?
A
Sextants or sixths
14
Q
What is the arrangement of sextants/sixths in each arch?
A
Two posterior sextants and one anterior sextant
15
Q
The anterior sextant is made of ___ front teeth
A
Six
16
Q
The primary (_________) have similar names to _________ _____
A
Deciduous
Permanent teeth
17
Q
How many teeth are in deciduous dentition?
A
20
18
Q
How many teeth are in each arch in deciduous dentition?
A
10
19
Q
How many teeth are in each quadrant in deciduous dentition?
A
5
20
Q
What is the first tooth starting from the midline in deciduous dentition called?
A
Central incisor
21
Q
What is function of the central incisor in deciduous dentition?
A
Used to cut or bite the food that is ingested
22
Q
What is the second tooth starting from the midline in deciduous dentition called?
A
Lateral incisory
23
Q
What is the function of the lateral incisory in deciduous dentition?
A
Used for cutting
24
Q
What is the third tooth starting from the midline in deciduous dentition called?
A
Canine
25
What is the canine teeth also called?
Cuspid
26
What is the function of the cuspid in deciduous dentition?
Bulkier in size and aids in tearing food
27
what is the proceeding two teeth in deciduous dentition called?
Molars
28
What is the function of the molars in deciduous dentition?
Chew food
29
The first molar is ________ to the midline
Closest
30
What is the difference between deciduous and permanent dentition?
Deciduous dentition:
Identical number of central incisors, lateral incisors, and canines to permanent dentition
Has no premolars
One less molar per quadrant
31
What is the permanent dentition in adults?
32 permanent teeth
16 in each arch
8 in each quadrant
32
Where are premolars found?
Directly after canines
33
What are premolars also called?
Bicuspuids
34
What is the function of premolars in permanent dentition?
Pulverize food
35
How many premolars are in each quadrant?
2
36
Anterior teeth are toward the _____ of the mouth from ______ to ______
Front
Cuspid
Cuspid
37
What are characteristics of anterior teeth?
Have single roots
| A cutting or tearing edge called the incisal edge
38
What is the cutting or tearing edge in anterior teeth called?
Incisal edge
39
What are posterior teeth?
Located in the back of the mouth in either arch
40
What are the posterior teeth in deciduous and permanent dentition?
```
Deciduous dentition:
Molars
Permanent dentition:
Premolars
Molars
```
41
```
Determine the eruption date (months), exfoliation date (years) and order of:
Central Incisor (Maxillary)
```
Eruption date: 6-10
Exfoliation date: 6-7
Maxillary order: #1
42
```
Determine the eruption date (months), exfoliation date (years) and order of:
Lateral incisor (Maxillary)
```
Eruption date: 9-12
Exfoliation date: 7-8
Maxillary order: #2
43
Determine the eruption date (months), exfoliation date (years) and order of:
Canine (Maxillary)
Eruption date: 16-22
Exfoliation date: 10-12
Maxillary order: #4
44
```
Determine the eruption date (months), exfoliation date (years) and order of:
First molar (Maxillary)
```
Eruption date: 12-18
Exfoliation date: 9-11
Maxillary order: #3
45
```
Determine the eruption date (months), exfoliation date (years) and order of:
Second molar (Maxillary)
```
Eruption date: 24-32
Exfoliation date: 10-12
Maxillary order: #5
46
```
Determine the eruption date (months), exfoliation date (years) and order of:
Central incisor (Mandibular)
```
Eruption date: 6-10
Exfoliation date: 6-7
Mandibular order: #1
47
```
Determine the eruption date (months), exfoliation date (years) and order of:
Lateral incisor (Mandibular)
```
Eruption date: 7-10
Exfoliation date: 7-8
Mandibular order: #2
48
Determine the eruption date (months), exfoliation date (years) and order of:
Canine (Mandibular)
Eruption date: 16-22
Exfoliation date: 9-12
Mandibular order: #4
49
```
Determine the eruption date (months), exfoliation date (years) and order of:
First molar (Mandibular)
```
Eruption date: 12-18
Exfoliation date: 9-11
Mandibular order: #3
50
```
Determine the eruption date (months), exfoliation date (years) and order of:
Second molar (Mandibular)
```
Eruption date: 20-32
Exfoliation date: 10-12
Mandibular order: #5
51
```
Determine the eruption date (years) and order of eruption:
Central incisor (Maxillary)
```
Eruption date: 7-8
| Order of eruption: #2
52
```
Determine the eruption date (years) and order of eruption:
Lateral incisor (Maxillary)
```
Eruption date: 8-9
| Order of eruption: #3
53
Determine the eruption date (years) and order of eruption:
| Canine (Maxillary)
Eruption date: 11-12
| Order of eruption: #6
54
```
Determine the eruption date (years) and order of eruption:
First premolar (Maxillary)
```
Eruption date: 10-11
| Order of eruption: #4
55
```
Determine the eruption date (years) and order of eruption:
Second premolar (Maxillary)
```
Eruption date: 11-12
| Order of eruption: #5
56
```
Determine the eruption date (years) and order of eruption:
First molar (Maxillary)
```
Eruption date: 6-7
| Order of eruption: #1
57
```
Determine the eruption date (years) and order of eruption:
Second molar (Maxillary)
```
Eruption date: 12-13
| Order of eruption: #7
58
```
Determine the eruption date (years) and order of eruption:
Third molar (Maxillary)
```
Eruption date: 17-21
| Order of eruption: #8
59
```
Determine the eruption date (years) and order of eruption:
Central incisor (Mandibular)
```
Eruption date: 6-7
| Order of eruption: #2
60
```
Determine the eruption date (years) and order of eruption:
Lateral incisor (Mandibular)
```
Eruption date: 7-8
| Order of eruption: #3
61
Determine the eruption date (years) and order of eruption:
| Cuspid (Mandibular)
Eruption date: 9-10
| Order of eruption: #4
62
```
Determine the eruption date (years) and order of eruption:
First premolar (Mandibular)
```
Eruption date: 10-11
| Order of eruption: #5
63
```
Determine the eruption date (years) and order of eruption:
Second premolar (Mandibular)
```
Eruption date: 11-12
| Order of eruption: #6
64
```
Determine the eruption date (years) and order of eruption:
First molar (Mandibular)
```
Eruption date: 6-7
| Order of eruption: #1
65
```
Determine the eruption date (years) and order of eruption:
Second molar (Mandibular)
```
Eruption date: 11-13
| Order of eruption: #7
66
```
Determine the eruption date (years) and order of eruption:
Third molar (Mandibular)
```
Eruption date: 17-21
| Order of eruption: #8
67
What are the two parts of each tooth?
Crown
| Root
68
What is the crown described as?
Anatomical
| Clinical
69
What is the anatomical crown?
The portion of the tooth which is covered by the enamel
70
What is the anatomical root?
The portion covered with cementum
71
What is the clinical root?
The portion of the root seen in the oral cavity (E.x. where the gingiva has receded)
72
What is the clinical crown?
The portion of the crown that is visible in the mouth
73
All teeth have ____ surfaces on the crown portion
Five
74
What are the five surfaces of the anterior teeth?
```
Mesial
Distal
Labial
Lingual
Incisal edge
```
75
Define the mesial surface (anterior teeth)
Surface toward the midline
76
Define the distal surface (anterior teeth)
Surface away from the midline
77
Define the labial surface (anterior teeth)
"Outside" surface on anterior teeth, toward the lips
78
Define the lingual surface (anterior teeth)
"Inside" surface, toward the tongue
79
What is the lingual side on the maxillary arch referred to as?
Palatal surface
80
Define the incisal edge (anterior teeth)
The biting or cutting edge
81
What are the 5 surfaces of the posterior teeth?
```
Mesial
Distal
Lingual
Buccal
Occlusal
```
82
Define the mesial surface (posterior teeth)
Surface towards the midline
83
Define the distal surface (posterior teeth)
Surface away from the midline
84
Define the lingual surface (posterior teeth)
"Inside" surface, toward the tongue
85
Define the buccal surface (posterior teeth)
"Outside" surface on posterior teeth, which is toward the cheek
86
Define the occlusal surface (posterior teeth)
Pulverizing or chewing surface
87
How are tooth surfaces further identified?
By dividing them into approximate thirds
88
Define the incisal third
Area on the crown of the tooth that is nearest the incisal edge on the anterior tooth
89
Define the occlusal third
Occlusal surface of the posterior tooth
90
Define the cervical third
Area on the crown of the tooth that is closest to the cervical area (or to the gingiva)
91
Define the middle third
Area between the incisal third and the cervical third
92
Define the apical third of the root
The area nearest the apex as the apical third
93
Define the cervical third of the root
The area nearest the crown of the tooth
94
Define the middle third of the root
The area between the apical third of the root and cervical third of the root
95
What is the contact area?
Refers to where the proximal sides of two teeth come together and touch
96
The proximal sides of two teeth come together and touch is the:
Contact area
97
What is the embrasure?
Refers to the triangular space in the gingival direction when two adjacent teeth are in contact
98
What is the triangular space in the gingival direction when two adjacent teeth are in contact called?
Embrasure
99
What is a diastema?
A space of gap between teeth
100
What is diastema most often used?
In reference to the "front teeth" maxillary central incisors
101
What is the apex?
At or near the end of the root
102
What describes at or near the end of the root?
Apex
103
What is a space/gap between teeth called?
Diastema
104
What is the apical foramen?
An opening in the end of the tooth through which nerve and blood vessels enter
105
What is the opening in the end of the tooth through which nerve and blood vessels enter called?
Apical foramen
106
True or false:
| There is only one opening at the end of the root
False
107
What does it mean when a root is bifurcated?
There are two roots on one tooth, and they are branched in two
108
What is a buccal groove?
Linear depression forming a groove that extends from the middle of the buccal surface to the occlusal surface of the tooth
109
A buccal groove is a linear depression forming a groove that extends from the ______ of the ______ _______ to the ________ _______ of the tooth
Middle
Buccal surface
Occlusal surface
110
What is a central groove?
The most prominent developmental groove on the occlusal surface of the posterior teeth
111
True or false:
| The central groove is the most prominent developmental groove on the occlusal surface of the posterior teeth
True
112
The central groove usually divides the occlusal surface from the ______ to the ______
Medial
| Distal
113
What is a cingulum?
Convex area on the lingual surface of the anterior teeth, near the gingiva
114
What is the convex area on the lingual surface of the anterior teeth, near the gingiva called?
Cingulum
115
What is a cusp?
Pointed or rounded mound on the crown of the tooth
116
What is a pointed or rounded mound on the crown of the tooth called?
Cusp
117
What is the cusp of Carabelli?
Fifth cusp located on the mesial lingual surface of most maxillary first molars
118
What is the fifth cusp located on the mesial lingual surface of most maxillary first molars called?
Cusp of Carabelli
119
What is a developmental groove?
Groove formed by the uniting of lobes during development of the crown of the tooth
120
What is a fissure?
Developmental groove resulting from an imperfect union where the lobes come together
121
Where does decay often initiate?
Fissures, pits
122
What is a fossa?
A shallow rounded or angular depression
123
What is a furcation
Dividing point of a multirooted tooth
124
What are lobes?
Separate parts that come together to form a tooth
125
In molars, what do lobes often become?
Cusps
126
What are mamelons?
Three bulges on the incisal edge of the newly erupted central and lateral incisor
127
Mamelons normally disappear due to what?
Normal wear
128
What is a marginal groove?
The developmental groove that provides a spillway for food to escape during chewing
129
What are marginal ridges?
Elevated area of enamel that forms the mesial and distal borders of the lingual surface of the anterior teeth and the mesial and distal borders of the occlusal surface of the posterior teeth
130
Marginal ridges are the elevated area of enamel that forms the ______ and ______ borders of the _______ surface of the ________ teeth and the ______ and ______ borders of the ________ surface of the _________ teeth
```
Mesial
Distal
Lingual
Anterior
Mesial
Distal
Occlusal
Posterior
```
131
What is an oblique ridge?
Elevated area of enamel that extends obliquely across the occlusal of the tooth
132
Where does the oblique ridge go on the maxillary first molars?
Extends from the disto-buccal cusp to the mesiolingual cusp
133
What is a pit?
Place where the grooves come together or the fissures cross
134
What is a ridge?
Linear elevation of enamel found on the tooth
135
What is a supplemental groove?
Shallow, linear groove that radiates from the developmental groove
136
Supplemental grooves often gives the tooth surface a _________ look. These grooves do not denote major division of the tooth
Wrinkled
137
What is a transverse ridge?
Union of two triangular ridges that produces a single ridge of elevation across the occlusal surface of a posterior tooth
138
Transverse ridges occur on the ________ surface of a _________ tooth
Occlusal
| Posterior
139
What is a triangular ridge?
Ridge or an elevation that descends from the cusp and widens as it runs down to the middle area of the occlusal surface
140
What is a ridge or an elevation that descends from the cusp and widens as it runs down to the middle area of the occlusal surface called?
Triangular ridge
141
Trifurcated means:
Three roots coming from the main trunk of the tooth
