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My BDS1 > Head and Neck Anatomy > Flashcards

Head and Neck Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of bones compromise the cranial portion of the head?

A

Flat bones.

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2
Q

Name the cranial bones.

A 
Ethmoid, 
frontal, 
occipital, 
parietal (x2), 
sphenoid 
temporal (x2)
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3
Q

What kind of bones compromise the facial portion of the head?

A

Irregular bones.

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4
Q

Name the facial bones.

A 
Lacrimal (x2), 
Maxilla (x2), 
Nasal (x2),
Inferior concha (x2) 
Palatine bone (x2) 
volmer
Zygoma (x2)
Mandible.
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5
Q

Name the cranial sutures.

Fused in adults

A

Coronal (at the front)
Sagittal (down the middle)
Lambdoid (at the back)

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6
Q

What are fontanelles?

A

(Babies) Membranous gaps between the cranial bones, before the sutures fuse.

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7
Q

Relevance of fontanelles during birth.

A

Shift and overlap to allow the baby to travel though the birth canal. Eventually take normal position.

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8
Q

When does the anterior fontanelle fuse?

A

2 years old.

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9
Q

When does the posterior fontanelle fuse?

A

2 months old.

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10
Q

Name a characteristic of the temporal bone?

A

Petrous = bumpy.

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11
Q

What is the weakest point of the skull?

A

Temporal.

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12
Q

Why is trauma to the temporal region dangerous?

A

A large vessel runs beneath the pterion (where cranial bones meet posterior to the temple) can burst and cause large bleeds.

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13
Q

Where does the brain and spinal cord communicate?

A

Foramen magnum.

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14
Q

What happens when there is increased inter cranial presser?

A

Brain is forced down the foramen magnum where the brainstem sits. Affects breathing, heart rate etc.

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15
Q

What facial bone absorbs impact from trauma? “Crash barrier”

A

Zygoma.

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16
Q

What is the structure called that ONLY the optic nerve runs through?

A

Optic foramen

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17
Q

What does the superior orbital fissure contain?

A

All the other nerves that innervate the eye (except the optic nerve)

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18
Q

What does the infraorbital canal contain?

Infraorbital foramen is the exit hole in the face

A

Infraorbital artery, vein and nerve

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19
Q

What nerve supplies the front 6 teeth?

A

Nasopalatine nerve.

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20
Q

Does the internal or external carotid artery have branches?

A

External has branches in the neck.

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21
Q

What does the external carotid artery supply?

A

External structures

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22
Q

What does the internal carotid artery supply?

A

80% brain blood supply.

Head and neck structures.

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23
Q

Arterial blood supply to the pharynx.

A

Ascending pharyngeal artery.

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24
Q

Arterial blood supply to the thyroid.

A

superior thyroid artery.

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25
Q

Arterial blood supply to the floor of the mouth.

A

Lingual artery.

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26
Q

Arterial blood supply to the face.

A

The facial artery.

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27
Q

Arterial blood supply to the back of the scalp.

A

Occipital artery.

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28
Q

Arterial blood supply to the ear.

A

Posterior auricular.

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29
Q

What vascular components does the parotid gland contain?

A

Facial nerve,
External carotid artery.
Retromandibular vein.

30
Q

What is the function of the INTERNAL jugular vein?

A

Drains the brain (inside of the skull) and neck.

31
Q

What is the function of the EXTERNAL jugular vein?

A

Drains external structures.

32
Q

What is contained within the cavernous sinus?

A

Internal carotid artery,
Large vein that joint all of the veins at the font of the face.
(Drains the front of the face)

33
Q

What kind of sinus is the cavernous sinus?

A

Dura venous sinus

34
Q

What cranial nerves supply the head and neck?

A

Trigeminal (5) , facial (7), glossopharyngeal (9) and the hypoglossal (12).

35
Q

What type of joint is the temporomandibular joint?

A

Synovial joint (filled with fluid)

36
Q

What is unique about the TMJ?

A

Partial dislocation every time it moves.

37
Q

What is the only muscle that opens the jaw?

A

Lateral pterygoid.

38
Q

What prevents permeant dislocation of the jaw?

A

The articular eminence.

39
Q

What nerve passes through he mandibular foramen?

Exit hole called the mental foramen

A

Inferior alveolar nerve (division of the trigeminal nerve)

40
Q

What muscle attaches to the coronoid process?

A

Temporalis

41
Q

What is the articular surface of the TMJ covered by?

A

fibrocartilage cartilage. NOT HYALINE

42
Q

What is the function of the styloid process?

A

Small piece of bone that allows muscle/ligament attachment for stabilisation of the TMJ.

43
Q

What is the danger associated with the styloid process?

A

Located near the INTERNAL carotid artery, can puncture.

44
Q

What position is the TMJ most stable at?

A

Occluded position.

45
Q

What is the blood supply to the TMJ?

A

Superficial temporal and the maxillary branch of the external carotid artery.

46
Q

What is the nerve supply of the TMJ?

A

Trigeminal nerve. Mandibular branch.

47
Q

What is the only muscle of mastication responsible for elevating the mandible (opening)?

A

The lateral pterygoid.

48
Q

What are the muscles of mastication responsible for closing the mouth?

A

Temporalis, masseter and the medial pterygoid.

49
Q

What is the superior limit of the neck?

A

Mandible and base of the skull

50
Q

What is the interior limit of the neck?

A

Thoracic inlet.

51
Q

What muscle divides the neck into anterior and posterior divisions?

A

Sternocleidomastoid

52
Q

Characteristics of the mastoid process?

A

Part of temporal bone that is filled with air cells to lighten the skull.

53
Q

Name the boundaries of the anterior triangle.

A

Sternocleidomastoid, the midline and the mandible.

54
Q

Name the muscles of the anterior triangle of the neck?

A

Mylohyoid
(floor of mouth)
Anterior belly of digastric (slightly pulls down the mandible)
Strap muscles.

55
Q

Name the strap muscles.

A

Infrahyoid, omohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid and the thyrohyoid.

56
Q

Name the skeletal elements present in the anterior triangle of the neck.

A

Thyroid cartilage (testosterone influence)
Cricoid cartilage
hyoid bone.

57
Q

Name the glands of the anterior triangle.

A

Thyroid and the parathyroid.

58
Q

What is the thyroid enclosed in? What is the clinical test to assess the function of this?

A

Pre-tracheal fascia.

Clinical test: Give patient water and ask them to swallow. The enclosed thyroid will move up and and down.

59
Q

What is the blood supply to the thyroid?

A

The superior external carotid artery and the thyrocervical trunk of the subclavian artery.

60
Q

what is the levator glandular thyroidae?

A

A fibrous or muscular band that can extend from the foramen caecum (posterior section) of the tongue.

61
Q

What is a frozen section?

A

After an operation on the thyroid has been carried out a sample of tissue from around the parathroid is taken and sent to the lab to ensure none of the parathyroid tissue has been accidentally removed.

62
Q

What condition occurs if parathyroid tissue is removed?

A

Tetany: Abnormal muscle movements due to lack of calcium.

63
Q

What nerves supply the anterior triangle of the neck?

A

Vagus, phrenic and the hypoglossal.

64
Q

What is the blood supply to the anterior division of the neck?

A

Common carotid artery. (bifurcation at C3-5)

Internal jugular vein.

65
Q

Name the nerves f the posterior triangle of the neck.

A 
Accessory nerve (motor function to sternocleo and the trapezius) 
Brachial plexus (motor and sensory function to the upper limbs) 
Cutaneous cervical nerves (supply the skin)
66
Q

where does the brachial plexus start and finish in relation to the spine?

A

Starts: C5
Ends: T1

67
Q

What is the brachial plexus composed of?

A

Roots, trunks, cords and terminal branches. (anterior and posterior divisions)

68
Q

What structure in the posterior divisions of the neck filter infection and start the immune response?

A

Lymph Nodes.

69
Q

What is the nerve supply to the oblicularis oculi?

A

The temporal and zygomatic branch of the facial nerve.

70
Q

What bone in the base of the skull does the facial nerve pass through?

A

The petrous temporal bone.

71
Q

Where does the facial nerve exit the skull?

A

The stylomastoid foramen.

72
Q

List the terminal branches of the brachial plexus.

A

Musculotaneous, ulnar, radial, median and axillary.

My BDS1 (48 decks)

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