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My BDS1 > Respiratory Tract > Flashcards

Respiratory Tract Flashcards

1
Q

What structures are present in the upper respiratory tract?

A

Nose, paranasal sinuses, mouth/tonsils and the pharynx/throat.

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2
Q

What structures are present in the lower respiratory tract?

A

Larynx, trachea, bronchi, the lungs and the gas/air barrier.

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3
Q

What is respiratory epithelium composed of?

A

Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium.

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4
Q

What is the cranial nerve that supplies the nose? What makes it unique?

A 
Olfactory Nerve (CN 1) 
Only nerve in the body that can completely regenerate.
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5
Q

In the nose; What is the function of the conchae?

A

Conchae increase the surface area within the nose and humidify/ warm the air.

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6
Q

What are paranasal sinuses and what is there function?

A

Air filled spaces within the bones of the face.

Provide vocal resonance and modification of speech. They also lighten the head.

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7
Q

Name all of the paranasal sinuses.

A

Maxillary (the largest), ethmoid, sphenoid and frontal.

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8
Q

What is an oro-antral fistula?

A

An abnormal communication between the roots of molars/premolars and the floor of the maxillary sinus.

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9
Q

Name the three divisions of the pharynx.

A

Nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx.

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10
Q

What emergency procedure is carried out if there is a foreign object in the upper airways/facial trauma?

A

Cricothyroidotomy

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11
Q

At what point does the thyroid sit at in the neck?

A

C3-6

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12
Q

How many cartilages are in the larynx? Name them.

A 
9 cartilages:
Thyroid
Cricoid
Arytenoid x2
Epiglottis
Corniculate x2
Cuneiform. x2
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13
Q

What is unique about cricoid cartilage?

A

Only complete rings of cartilage in the body.

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14
Q

What happens to the thyroid during male puberty?

A

Testosterone acts on the vocal cords thickening and lengthening them. Voice gradually becomes deeper.

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15
Q

Where is arytenoid cartilage found and what is its purpose?

A

Increases and decreases pitch.

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16
Q

Where does the trachea sit in relation to the cervical region of the neck?

A

C6

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17
Q

What muscle completes the C shaped cartilage in the trachea?

A

Trachealis smooth muscle.

18
Q

When is it appropriate for a tracheostomy to be performed?

A

After failed endotracheal intubation.

Used for long term mechanical breathing.

19
Q

Which bronchus is more likely to have obstruction by foreign bodies? Why is this?

A

The right bronchus.

Much more vertical and has a greater diameter.

20
Q

Apart from the Right bronchus being much more vertical; Name another distinctive characteristic?

A

The right bronchus has the superior, middle and inferior divisions. (left only has superior and inferior)

21
Q

What cells produce surfactant?

A

Type 2 pneumocytes.

22
Q

Where does the apex of the lung sit?

A

1 inch above the clavicle

23
Q

Why is it important to listen to the back of the chest?

A

Pathologies commonly affect the base of the lung. E.g. pneumonia.

24
Q

What kind of blood does the pulmonary artery carry?

A

Deoxygenated blood.

25
Q

What chamber of the heart does the pulmonary artery come from?

A

The right ventricle.

26
Q

What chamber does the pulmonary veins drain in to?

A

Left atrium

27
Q

What are the symptoms of swollen conchae?

A

Blocked nose and reduced air flow

28
Q

Why is a cricothyroidotomy performed at a specific site?

A

So that the vocal cords aren’t damaged.

29
Q

What is a mucociliary escalator?

A

Mucous produced (that traps particle) is brought up by the rhythmic beating of the cilia

30
Q

What nerves supply the pharynx?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve, vagus nerve (possibly the accessory)

31
Q

How do you test the integrity of the nerves supplying the pharynx?

A

Asking the patient to say ‘aaahhh’ and inspecting uvula movement.

32
Q

Where would a tracheostomy tube be placed?

A

2-5th tracheal space.

33
Q

Name complications of a tracheostomy.

A

Stenosis: Narrowing.

Infection

34
Q

What are the two divisions that occur after primary bronchi?

A

Segmental and lobar bronchi

35
Q

Why are the maxillary sinuses flawed?

A

Drainage at the top of the sinus, large space has to be filled before drainage occurs.

36
Q

What nerve supplies the larynx?

A

The vagus nerve

37
Q

What is unique about the tracheal rings?

A

Incomplete ‘c’ shaped ring of cartilage.

38
Q

What completes the ‘c’ shaped tracheal rings?

A

Trachealis sooth muscle.

39
Q

What are the next 2 divisions hat occur after primary bronchi?

A

Lobar and segmental bronchi

40
Q

What is the purpose of the larynx?

A

Alters pitch and volume of speech,

My BDS1 (48 decks)

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