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My BDS1 > Tooth Tissues > Flashcards

Tooth Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

What is the hardest tissue in the body?

A

Enamel

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2
Q

What is enamel made from?

A

Ameloblasts produce enamel proteins.

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3
Q

What characteristic of enamel increases with mineralisation?

A

Transparency.

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4
Q

Where does enamel develop from in the early stages?

A

Intrauterine glands.

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5
Q

Enamel is formed as a..?

A

Matrix.

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6
Q

What is Tomes process?

A

Establishes the crystals in which enamel rods are formed from.

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7
Q

What are enamel rods composed of?

A

Crystallites.

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8
Q

Enamel is formed outwards from what junction?

A

The amelo-dentinal junction.

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9
Q

Describe the variations in enamel thickness.

A

Thicker and more mineralised at the incised edge/occlusal surface, decreases as you approach the cervical margin.

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10
Q

How are enamel rods deposited?

A

Deposited at right angles to the ameloblast membrane.

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11
Q

What do the rods contain?

A

Hydroxyapatite crystals.

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12
Q

What makes the Hydroxyapatite crystals more stable?

A

Replacing the OH with Fluoride.

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13
Q

Name the 2 features of the crystallite structure.

A

Head and tail.

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14
Q

Hydroxyapatite makes up what percentage of the enamel weight?

A

95%

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15
Q

Water makes up what percentage of the enamel weight?

A

4%

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16
Q

The organic matrix makes up what percentage of the enamel weight?

A

1%

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17
Q

What happens to a tooth if the water is removed?

A

Becomes extremely brittle.

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18
Q

Dentine is the supporting tissue beneath..

A

Enamel.

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19
Q

Why is dentine permeable?

A

It contains dentinal tubules.

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20
Q

What colour is dentine?

A

Yellow(ish)

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21
Q

Where is dentine thickest?

A

In the areas that receive the greatest force.

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22
Q

Hydroxyapatite makes up what percentage of the dentine weight?

A

70%

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23
Q

Water makes up what percentage of the dentine weight?

A

10%

24
Q

Organic matrix makes up what percentage of the dentine weight?

A

20%

25
Q

When is primary dentine present?

A

When the tooth is forming.

26
Q

When is secondary dentine present?

A

Once the tooth has been formed.

27
Q

When is tertiary dentine present?

A

In repair.

28
Q

What direction does dentine grow in?

A

Inwards.

29
Q

What shape is primary dentine?

A

‘S’ shape

30
Q

What shape is secondary dentine?

A

Wavy shape.

31
Q

Describe the relationship between caries and the dentinal tubules.

A

Caries follow the shape of the tubules inside the tooth and can affect the deeper layers.

32
Q

What processes from the pulp extend into dentine?

A

Odontoblast projections.

33
Q

Where is the dental pulp and dentine formed?

A

The dental papilla.

34
Q

The pulp is..

A

Vascular and innervated with unmyelinated nerve ending)

35
Q

What does the pulp mainly consists of? What is its function?

A

Odontoblasts. Produce dentine.

36
Q

Describe blood vessels in relation to dentine.

A

Blood vessels are close to dentine but never embedded in the dentine.

37
Q

What is the purpose of cementum?

A

Covers root dentine

38
Q

What does cementum provide attachment for?

A

The periodontal fibres

39
Q

Name the 2 types of cementum.

A

Cellular and Acellular.

40
Q

What is the first cementum to be formed?

A

Acellular cementum

41
Q

What cementum contains Sharpey fibres?

A

Acellular cementum

42
Q

What is the function of the sharpey fibres?

A

Attach the tooth to the alveolar bone.

43
Q

What cells does the cellular cementum contain?

A

Cementocytes.

44
Q

Where is cellular cementum found?

A

At the apical parts of the root and furcations.

45
Q

Name the 3 ways the cementum sits in relation to dentine.

A

Touch, overlap or expose the dentine.

46
Q

What type of fibre cementum are sharpey fibres?

A

Acellular extrinsic fibres.

47
Q

What does cellular intrinsic fibre cementum lack?

A

Sharpey’s fibres

48
Q

What does cellular intrinsic fibre cementum not have a role in?

A

Tooth attachment

49
Q

What is the rule in relation to fibres and cellular tissue.

A

The more cellular the tissue the less fibres are present.

50
Q

What is the function of the periodontal ligament?

A

Transfers biting forces to the bone.

51
Q

What cells are present in the periodontal ligament?

A

Fibroblasts, cementoblasts, osteoclasts and debris of malassez.

52
Q

What sensory cells are present in the periodontal ligament?

A

Nociceptors: Initiates reflex to protect teeth.
Mechanoreceptors: Detect the pressure on teeth.

53
Q

What are true periodontal fibres?

A

Connects tooth to the bone

54
Q

What is the gingival ligament?

A

Connective tissue that provides support to the fibres.

55
Q

Name the principal fibre groups of the periodontal ligament.

A

Alveolar crest: (Similar to horizontal)
Horizontal: Limits lateral movement and rotation
Oblique: Resist vertical and intrusive movement.
Apical: Provides cushioning.

Inter-radicular: Found between the roots of multi-rooted teeth.

56
Q

What is the purpose of trans-septal fibres? Why are these fibres unique?

A

Keep teeth aligned. Do not have and osseous attachment.

My BDS1 (48 decks)

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