Head/Neck Flashcards
(94 cards)
1
Q
Layers of the scalp
A
SCALP: Skin Connective Tissue Aponeurosis Loose Connective Tissue (blood supply) Percranium
2
Q
What are the 3 branches of the trigeminal nerve and what part of the face do they innervate?
A
Ophthalmic nerve (V1) - superior face
Maxillary nerve (V2) - middle face
Mandibular nerve (V3) - inferior face
3
Q
The trigeminal nerve provides what kind of innervation?
A
Sensory
4
Q
Which branch of the trigeminal is the only one to provide motor innervation?
A
Mandibular nerve (V3) to mastication muscles
5
Q
Provide sensation to the back of the neck/head
A
Posterior rami of C2-C4
6
Q
Provide sensation to the anterior/lateral neck
A
Anterior rami of C2-C4
7
Q
4 muscles of mastication
A
Temporalis
Masseter
Lateral pterygoid
Medial pterygoid
8
Q
Action of temporalis
A
Elevate and retract mandible
9
Q
Innervation of temporalis
A
CN V
10
Q
Blood supply of temporalis
A
Maxillary Artery
11
Q
Action of masseter
A
Elevate mandible
12
Q
Blood supply of masseter
A
Maxillary artery
13
Q
Innervation of masseter
A
CN V
14
Q
Action of lateral pterygoid
A
Protraction and lateral movements
15
Q
Innervation of lateral pterygoid
A
CN V
16
Q
Innervation of medial pterygoid
A
CN V
17
Q
Blood supply of lateral pterygoid
A
Maxillary artery
18
Q
Blood supply of medial pterygoid
A
Maxillary artery
19
Q
Action of medial pterygoid
A
Elevate mandible
20
Q
What does the corneal reflex test?
A
CN V1 and CN VII
21
Q
What are the branches of CN VII (facial nerve)? What kind of sensation do they provide?
A
Temporal branches Zygomatic branches Buccal branches Marginal mandibular branches Cervical branches
Motor innervation
22
Q
What passes through the parotid gland?
A
- 5 branches of the facial nerve (CN VII)
- retromandibular vein
- external carotid artery
23
Q
What emerges anteriorly from the parotid gland?
A
- 5 branches of the facial nerve
- parotid duct
- transverse facial artery
24
Q
What emerges superiorly from the parotid gland?
A
Superficial temporal artery and vein (can palpate)
25
What two gland produce spit?
Submandibular gland
| Sublingual gland
26
What are the branches of the external carotid, inferior to superior?
```
Lingual artery
Facial artery
Maxillary artery (with the buccal artery branching off)
Superficial temporal artery
Transverse facial artery
```
27
What are the 4 sinuses in the cranial bones?
Frontal
Ethmoidal
Maxillary
Sphenoidal
28
What is the arterial supply to the nasal cavity?
Maxillary artery
Facial artery
Ethmoidal artery
29
What is the venous drainage of the nasal cavity?
Sphenopalantine vein
Facial vein
Ophthalmic vein
30
Anterior innervation of the nasal cavity
CN V1
31
Posterior innervation of the nasal cavity
CN V2
32
Superior innervation of the nasal cavity
Olfactory nerve (CN I)
33
What is a unique structure location in the nasopharynx?
Pharyngotympanic tube
34
4 types of teeth
Incisors
Canine
Premolars
Molars
35
Mains parts of the tooth
Crown
Neck
Root
Enamel/Cement
Dentine
Pulp Cavity/Root canal
36
What structures are found in the oral cavity?
```
Frenulum of tongue
Palatoglossal arch
Uvula
Palatine tonsil
Palatopharyngeal arch
```
37
Which two bones is the tongue attached to?
Mandible and hyoid
38
What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue? What are their innervations?
Genioglossus - CN XII (hypoglossal)
Hyoglossus - CN XII
Styloglossus - CN XII
Palatoglossus - CN X (vagus)
39
What are the sensory nerves of the tongue?
Posterior 1/3: glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
Anterior 2/3: chorea tympani of CN VII and CN V3
40
Vertebral level of hyoid
C3
41
Vertebral level of bifurcation of carotid
C4
42
Vertebral level of cricoid
C6
43
Vertebral level of jugular notch
T2
44
Vertebral level of sternal angle/angle of Louis
T4/T5
45
Borders of the anterior triangle
- midline of neck
- SCM
- inferior border of the mandible
46
Contents of the anterior triangle
Strap muscles
| Extrinsic muscles of the tongue
47
Borders of the submandibular triable
- inferior border of the mandible
| - posterior and anterior belly of digastric
48
Contents of submandibular triangle
```
Mylohyoid
Stylohyoid
Submandibular gland
Facial artery/vein
Submental artery
```
49
Borders of submental triangle
- left and right anterior bellies of the digastric
| - hyoid
50
Contents of the submental triangle
Mylohyoid
51
Borders of the carotid triangle
- SCM
- superior belly of omohyoid
- posterior belly of digastric
52
Contents of the carotid triangle
Carotid sheath:
- internal jugular
- common carotid
- vagus nerve
Hypoglossal nerve
53
Borders of the posterior triangle
Trapezius
SCM
Clavicle
54
Contents of posterior triangle
- Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)
- transverse cervical nerve
- phrenic nerve
- external jugular
- subclavian vein
- brachiocephalic vein
- scalene muscles
55
Nerve from roots C1-C3 (inferior and superior)
Ansa cervicalis
56
Innervation of trapezius
Spinal accessory nerve CN XI
57
Innervation of sternocleidomastoid
Spinal accessory nerve CN XI
58
What things come out of jugular foramen?
- internal jugular vein
- internal carotid artery
- vagus nerve
- glossopharyngeal nerve IX (anterior)
- spinal accessory nerve XI (posterior)
59
Nerve from C3-C5
Phrenic nerve
60
Innervation of anterior belly of digastric
CN V3
61
Innervation of mylohyoid
CN V3
62
Posterior belly of the digastric
CN VII
63
Innervation of the stylohyoid
CN VII
64
Innervation of thyrohyoid
C1 of spinal nerve
65
Innervation of the sternohyoid
Ansa cervicalis
66
Innervation of the superior belly of the omohyoid
Ansa cervicalis
67
Innervation of the anterior, middle and posterior scalene muscles
C4-C7
68
Innervation of geniohyoid
Hypoglossal CN XII
69
Membrane between thyroid and hyoid
Thyrohyoid membrane
70
Vertebral levels of thyroid
C5-T1
71
Parts of the thyroid
Right and left lobes
Isthmus
Pyramidal lobe (present in only 45-55% of the population)
72
Origin of the superior and inferior thyroid arteries
Superior - external carotid
| Inferior - thyrocervical trunk off subclavian
73
Origin of the superior, middle, and inferior thyroid veins
Superior - internal jugular
Middle - internal jugular
Inferior - brachiocephalic trunk
74
Found in 10% of the population; can be damaged during tracheotomy (artery)
Thyroid IMA artery
75
Innervation of the superior, middle, and inferior constricted muscles
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
76
Sensory innervation of oropharynx
CN IX (glossopharyngeal)
77
Sensory innervation of the laryngopharynx
CN X
78
Cartilage that causes motion of vocal cords
Arytenoid cartilage
79
What cartilages are the vocal cords attached to?
Arytenoid and thyroid
80
Makes up vocal cord; covered in mucosa
Vocal ligament
81
Connect the cricoid to thyroid
Median and lateral cricothyroid ligament
82
Innervation of cricothyroid
External branch of the superior laryngeal nerve
83
Innervation of posterior cricoarytenoid
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
84
Innervation of lateral cricoarytenoid
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
85
Innervation of oblique and transverse arytenoids
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
86
Action of oblique and transverse arytenoids
Transverse movement of vocal cords
87
Innervation of vocalis
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
88
Action of cricothyroid
Stretches vocal cords
89
Action of posterior cricoarytenoid
ABduction of vocal cords
90
Action of lateral cricoaterynoids
ADDuction of vocal cords
91
Action of thyroarytenoid
Slackens vocal cords
92
Action of vocalis
Modulates thyroarytenoid and cricothyroid
93
Bloody supply and drainage of the larynx. Where does each artery/vein originate?
Superior laryngeal artery - superior thyroid artery
Inferior laryngeal artery - thyrocervical trunk
Superior laryngeal vein —> superior thyroid vein —> internal jugular
Inferior laryngeal vein —> inferior thyroid vein —> brachiocephalic
94
Branch of the common carotid that has many branches in the neck
External common carotid
